Case Studies on Transport Policy最新文献

Economic benefits of the metro and relaxed floor area ratio: Evidence from Bengaluru, India

IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2025-02-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101395

Kala Seetharam Sridhar , Anjali Mahendra

The objective of this research is to understand the economic benefits arising from relaxing the local Floor Area Ratio (FAR) regulations and therefore, increasing access to metro rail infrastructure in a major urban area of India, which is set to be an economic powerhouse. We study how job density and its spatial distribution are influenced by the metro and the FAR. Applying this question to Bengaluru, the research focuses on an ex-ante quantitative assessment of how job density and economic activity may be impacted by the Bengaluru Metro under different scenarios of the FAR. The novelty of our paper is that we use estimates of consumed FAR at the municipal ward level and do not just use the regulatory FAR as most studies do. Estimating regressions of job density as the dependent variable, we find that the FAR consumed has the expected positive effect in increasing job density. We perform simulations based on FAR relaxation under various regulatory scenarios--the most aggressive, intermediate, and least aggressive, in addition to two scenarios representing the actual FAR consumed in southeast Asian cities of Seoul and Shenzhen which have policies requiring high FARs in metro transit corridors. In each of these simulations, we examine the effects of the relaxed FAR regulations on job density and wages, at the municipal ward level.

We find that the benefits in absolute job density are the highest in the scenario in which Shenzhen’s estimated FAR consumption is assumed, especially when there is at least one metro station in the ward. Further, with FAR relaxation, the job density is distributed across Bengaluru’s wards a lot more extensively than is the case currently. Using standard elasticities applicable for India, we extend the gains in job density via agglomeration benefits to wages and find that the most aggressive regulatory scenario yields the highest increase in monthly wages by 1.4 times on average the monthly wages in the baseline scenario. The policy implications and caveats are summarized which have implications for other cities in India and other emerging economies where investments in metro transit systems are occurring.

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引用次数: 0

Is there any association of local characteristics with traffic signal and stop sign violation induced crashes? A Hierarchical Modeling based study from Alabama, USA 当地特征与违反交通信号和停车标志引发的碰撞事故是否存在关联？美国阿拉巴马州基于层次模型的研究

IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101390

Md Musfiqur Rahman Bhuiya , Jun Liu , Steven Jones , Qifan Nie

Traffic violations are one of the major causes of road crashes. This study investigates traffic crashes involving traffic sign or signal violations at intersections in Alabama, USA by exploiting a statewide crash database with nearly 60,000 sign or signal violation crashes to inform mitigation strategies. This study aims to identify factors contributing to traffic sign or signal violation crashes at intersections, with a particular focus on local characteristics, including the built environment and socioeconomic factors. Due to the multi-level data structure, this study employs a hierarchical modeling approach to explore the correlates of intersection crashes and develop models by integrating hierarchical modeling with the binary logit model and negative binomial model separately to explain factors contributing to both types of crashes. The modeling results reveal that signal violation and stop sign violation crashes occur more frequently at intersections close to open spaces. Both violation crashes are more likely to occur in block groups with more low-income or under-educated households. Further, the crash frequencies are positively related to the distance from an intersection to its nearest law enforcement agency and negatively related to the number of police officers in an area.

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引用次数: 0

Effect of income support policy on consumption mobility amidst the global pandemic: A country-level panel data analysis

IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101388

Chayanon Phucharoen, Nichapat Sangkaew

This study examines the influence of income support policies (ISPs) in 128 countries on mobility near suppliers of essential goods during the various SARS-CoV-2 control measures in 2020 and 2021. Using Google Mobility and Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker data, we employed a country fixed-effect model to assess ISP effects on mobility from complete lockdown to restriction-free periods. Results show ISPs significantly reduce mobility during semi-lockdowns but increase it during complete lockdowns. In the absence of restrictions, implementing ISPs boosts mobility around essential goods suppliers by 17%, more than in non-ISP stages. Additionally, the study reveals that the impact of ISPs is enhanced in countries with an established electronic finance infrastructure, as measured by the Inclusive Internet Index. This research provides initial evidence for the impact of ISPs on consumption mobility through different restriction measures and emphasises the crucial role of e-finance platforms in optimising government income aid policy during mobility constraint and economic recovery phases.

{"title":"Effect of income support policy on consumption mobility amidst the global pandemic: A country-level panel data analysis","authors":"Chayanon Phucharoen, Nichapat Sangkaew","doi":"10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the influence of income support policies (ISPs) in 128 countries on mobility near suppliers of essential goods during the various SARS-CoV-2 control measures in 2020 and 2021. Using Google Mobility and Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker data, we employed a country fixed-effect model to assess ISP effects on mobility from complete lockdown to restriction-free periods. Results show ISPs significantly reduce mobility during semi-lockdowns but increase it during complete lockdowns. In the absence of restrictions, implementing ISPs boosts mobility around essential goods suppliers by 17%, more than in non-ISP stages. Additionally, the study reveals that the impact of ISPs is enhanced in countries with an established electronic finance infrastructure, as measured by the Inclusive Internet Index. This research provides initial evidence for the impact of ISPs on consumption mobility through different restriction measures and emphasises the crucial role of e-finance platforms in optimising government income aid policy during mobility constraint and economic recovery phases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46989,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies on Transport Policy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding the uneven use of rental e-scooters and implications for equity: Evidence from England’s largest e-scooter trial

IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101392

Hannah Budnitz, Xiao Li, Helen Morrissey, Tim Schwanen

The availability and adoption of rental e-scooter services, proliferating in cities globally, are spatially and socially uneven. Studies suggest that a majority of users in North American and European cities are men with higher incomes and more education than the average. The use of shared e-scooters by sociodemographic groups that are more likely to have access to a car and a wide range of opportunities raises questions as to whether this new transport technology entrenches inequalities. However, few studies focus on e-scooter use in England, where only shared e-scooters permitted and regulated by the UK’s Department for Transport alongside relevant local governments on a trial basis are legal for travel on the public highway. These services were therefore often introduced to achieve policy objectives, and the government commissioned a national evaluation of the e-scooter trials in English cities to understand their impacts. The evaluation report suggests they are popular among low-income and minority ethnic riders, but highlights the need for further study, such as the one presented here. This article uses a transport poverty framing and a dataset of 3.6 million e-scooter trips taken over 13 months in Bristol to investigate the uneven sociodemographic and spatial patterns of rental e-scooter use. We find that, holding all else equal, more e-scooter trips are taken from areas with larger shares of younger (under 35), black and Asian individuals. However, there are fewer e-scooter trip origins from areas of greater deprivation in Bristol. This suggests that while younger, Black, and Asian populations may be more likely to adopt or have access to e-scooters as a mode of transport, fewer e-scooter trips from areas of greater deprivation indicate potential barriers to access or adoption in these communities.

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引用次数: 0

Transit network design: A sustainability-oriented methodology for the management of large bus networks and low emission zones

IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101385

Marco Petrelli , Ernesto Cipriani , Umberto Crisalli , Andrea Gemma , Livia Mannini

The present paper proposes a methodology aimed at design bus public network suited to serve high-sensitive zones of the study area with low-impact vehicles. The purpose is to provide a procedure for support a smart electrification of public transport bus network, optimizing the use of electric vehicles where it is most effective to operate them. The new methodology solves a Transit Network Design (TND) problem where the optimization model consists of minimizing costs and resources in a public transport network also including sustainability issues. Therefore, starting from the method presented in Cipriani et al. (2012), the issue is framed as a multi-objective model, combining two objectives: the classic TND objective and the second related to the identification of the use of electric vehicles where it is most effective to operate them. The complexity of such issues needs metaheuristic algorithms application, in which the GA permits to obtain Pareto optimal non dominated solutions for the TND. Such solutions are then exploited as a multi-objective analysis, treating conventional objectives and objectives for a better use of electric vehicles, separately. The methodology has been implemented in a case study in the city of Rome. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of methodology to design robust public transport supply system suited to serve high-sensitive zones.

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引用次数: 0

Covariate selection in propensity score matching: A case study of how the Shinkansen has impacted population changes in Japan

IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101389

Jingyuan Wang, Shintaro Terabe, Hideki Yaginuma

This study presents a novel covariate selection method that combines Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) with the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), focusing on achieving a balance between model fit and complexity. Our findings emphasize the significant impact of covariates on estimated results in Propensity Score Matching (PSM) analyses. Through case studies, we validate the effectiveness of our proposed method across various PSM approaches, including one-to-one matching, K-nearest neighbors matching, radius matching, kernel matching, and Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW). For researchers constrained to cross-sectional data, our comparisons among different PSM methodologies provide valuable insights. Additionally, we explore the applicability of our method to PSM extensions such as Covariate Balancing Propensity Score (CBPS) and PSM-Difference-in-Differences (DID). Our case study reveals significant causal effects of Japan’s Shinkansen on population changes, with notable growth observed in both cross-sectional and panel data analyses.These findings hold important implications for transportation policy, and we offer recommendations for relevant policymakers based on our results.

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引用次数: 0

Transport disruptions as opportunities for behaviour change: A qualitative evaluation of UK policy and practice

IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101386

Tara McGuicken , Lorraine Whitmarsh , Samuel Hampton

Ambitious national targets for reducing transport emissions require effective policies that disturb entrenched unsustainable travel behaviours, in particular car use. One approach policymakers can adopt is to leverage transport environment disruptions as opportunities to destabilise habits and facilitate shifts in travel behaviour. A framework consisting of four key dimensions of disruptions (plannedness, scale, frequency, and duration) is presented. The current study investigates whether UK transport policymakers and practitioners currently recognise opportunities in transport environment disruptions across these dimensions, and the factors facilitating or preventing this approach. Through qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews with 23 transport practitioners from various UK transport organisations and key strategic documents, the findings reveal that while practitioners acknowledge the potential of disruptions in the transport environment to foster behavioural shifts to some extent, general approaches are limited in their conceptualisations of disruptions. Recommendations emphasise the need for comprehensive strategies that leverage disruptions driven by bold political leadership to overcome car dependency and achieve sustainable transport goals.

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引用次数: 0

Predicting mobility choice and community connectivity in Latin America

IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101387

Eduardo Bilbao Pavón , Luis Alonso Pastor , Alejandro Padilla , Mayra Gamboa , Kent Larson

This study focuses on addressing the mobility challenges faced by developing regions of Latin America as data collection and the composition of formal and informal transportation. In this article, a tool is developed using a Machine Learning (ML) model that is able to learn and predict the patterns for choosing one mobility choice over another based on a student survey of the University of Guadalajara (UdeG). The study helps to understand which are the most relevant factors influencing mobility choice at one of the largest universities in Latin America, with travel time and number of household vehicles being the most determinant factors. The tool effectiveness is validated by the creation of two scenarios that simulate changes in mobility choices by relocating individuals closer to their destinations. The conducted experiment demonstrates a tendency towards walking and a significant decrease in private auto usage by relocating people closer to their destinations. The creation of this tool aims to help public institutions in making better decisions to develop a better society with reduced pollution, enhanced social impacts and climate change effects.

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引用次数: 0

Car ownership versus carsharing? An analysis comparing socio-economic and policy factors of carsharing and car ownership

IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101384

Johanna Marie Kunsmann, Peter Letmathe

Even though Germany’s carsharing market has experienced rapid growth in recent years, the actual share of carsharing usage in daily mobility remains low. However, in terms of individual transportation, the use of carsharing as an alternative to private vehicle ownership could lead to a more sustainable mobility system. To realize environmental and social benefits, consumers’ awareness of the potential financial benefits has to be enhanced, as financial considerations are a decisive and under-researched factor for changes in mobility habits. To close this gap, our study provides a transparent economic analysis of those individual transportation solutions by employing a Total Cost of Usage (TCU) model for the permanent carsharing usage and a Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) model for private vehicle ownership based on real-world market data from the German economic area. Additionally, we assess the impact of higher residential parking fees, and the impact of changes in residual values of private vehicles, as well as of changes in carsharing tariffs. Overall, the results indicate a high financial competitiveness of carsharing compared to vehicle ownership in all vehicle segments and across different driver profiles. In particular, the targeted design of policy instruments, such as an increase in residential parking fees strengthens the economic advantages of carsharing and may trigger consumers to switch from private vehicle ownership to carsharing as a more sustainable individual mobility solution.

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating the effectiveness of automated scheduling at rural transit agencies in north carolina

IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION

Case Studies on Transport Policy

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101381

Matthew Wigginton Bhagat-Conway , Luke Pullo , Kai Monast

Demand-response transit is the backbone of many rural transit systems. Demand-response transit provides riders with curb-to-curb service, not following fixed routes or schedules. While automated and semi-automated demand response scheduling has existed for decades, many agencies create schedules manually, using some form of computer-assisted schedule management. However, some transit agencies have recently adopted “microtransit” scheduling software packages that place an increasingly strong focus on fully automating the creation of schedules, and providing same-day service. In this article, we evaluate the recent implementation of automated scheduling software at two rural agencies in North Carolina.

We visited both agencies and conducted in-depth observations of their scheduling staff’s use of the software, as well as interviews with management. We found that neither agency used automated scheduling features of their software extensively. There were two main reasons for this. Firstly, automated scheduling was not seen as necessary; schedulers are experts on their regions and customers, and can create efficient schedules manually. Secondly, automated scheduling did not always match the service pattern of the agency, for instance by insufficiently prioritizing shared rides.

Agencies considering software purchases should consider what their needs and desires for a microtransit or automated scheduling system are. This process should involve both management and scheduling staff, to ensure the purchased system meets the needs of the agency. Automated scheduling and microtransit systems may not be a good fit for all agencies, particularly if existing scheduling practices are already working well.

{"title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of automated scheduling at rural transit agencies in north carolina","authors":"Matthew Wigginton Bhagat-Conway , Luke Pullo , Kai Monast","doi":"10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Demand-response transit is the backbone of many rural transit systems. Demand-response transit provides riders with curb-to-curb service, not following fixed routes or schedules. While automated and semi-automated demand response scheduling has existed for decades, many agencies create schedules manually, using some form of computer-assisted schedule management. However, some transit agencies have recently adopted “microtransit” scheduling software packages that place an increasingly strong focus on fully automating the creation of schedules, and providing same-day service. In this article, we evaluate the recent implementation of automated scheduling software at two rural agencies in North Carolina.</div><div>We visited both agencies and conducted in-depth observations of their scheduling staff’s use of the software, as well as interviews with management. We found that neither agency used automated scheduling features of their software extensively. There were two main reasons for this. Firstly, automated scheduling was not seen as necessary; schedulers are experts on their regions and customers, and can create efficient schedules manually. Secondly, automated scheduling did not always match the service pattern of the agency, for instance by insufficiently prioritizing shared rides.</div><div>Agencies considering software purchases should consider what their needs and desires for a microtransit or automated scheduling system are. This process should involve both management and scheduling staff, to ensure the purchased system meets the needs of the agency. Automated scheduling and microtransit systems may not be a good fit for all agencies, particularly if existing scheduling practices are already working well.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":46989,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies on Transport Policy","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 101381"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0