Red chemistry: Principles and applications

There is a growing concern regarding the lack of sufficient justification for claims of "greenness" in research studies. This concern has sparked heated debates and prompted calls for mandatory discussions on adherence to green chemistry principles in studies that assert environmental friendliness. In response to this pressing issue, the present study introduces the ‘12 Principles of Red Chemistry’. These principles outline methodologies that prioritize immediate but risky chemical objectives over broader ecological considerations. Through the presentation of case studies, this discussion vividly illustrates the non-sustainability inherent in red chemistry practices. While green chemistry advocates for sustainable and environmentally responsible practices, red chemistry prioritizes short-term gains without adequate consideration for long-term environmental impacts. This contrast highlights the significance of green chemistry principles in guiding the chemical industry towards a more sustainable future. The comprehensive discussion on the Principles of Red chemistry serves as a guiding framework for understanding and evaluating the red chemical processes, emphasizing their potential risks and ecological impacts.