Next Sustainability最新文献

Green extraction of natural indigoid from Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees) Bremek using hydrophilic and hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent technology 亲疏水深共熔溶剂技术提取水蛭中天然靛蓝

Next Sustainability

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2024.100090

Patteera Aoonboontum , Pattravee Thong-on , Nakuntwalai Wisidsri , Suradwadee Thugmangmee , Tammanoon Rungsang , Nanthaka Khorana , Jukkarin Srivilai

This study focused on the development of an alternative and more environmentally friendly extraction solvent, a deep eutectic system (DES), for extracting indigoid pigments, specifically indigo and indirubin, from Baphicacanthus cusia (BC). BC is recognized in the textile industry as a natural vat dye and in traditional Chinese medicine as "Qing-Dai". It is known for treating inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis. In this study, 46 DES systems were compared with conventional methods. The hydrophobic DES, a terpenoid and fatty acid system comprising thymol:decanoic acid (DES40), and the hydrophilic DES, a choline chloride-based system comprising choline chloride: p-toluenesulfonic acid (DES19), showed significant extraction improvements. DES40 and DES19 achieved approximately 26-fold higher indigo content compared to classical ethanol and outperformed the harsh organic solvent dichloromethane. The green extraction process was optimized using a Box–Behnken design, considering parameters such as temperature, time and co-solvent. DES19 maximized indigo and indirubin content to 270.91±14.38 and 5.70±0.11 mg/g, respectively, while DES40 yielded 108.28 ± 3.9 and 0.16 ± 0.00 mg/mg/g, respectively. Safety evaluations using a cell-based MTT model with human skin cells in keratinocytes and fibroblasts showed that both DES19 and DES40 were safe at all concentrations tested. These results indicate that a more environmentally friendly solvent technology for the extraction of indigoids from BC using the DES is an efficient and potential application in the textile and pharmaceutical industries.

本研究的重点是开发一种可替代的、更环保的萃取溶剂——深共晶体系（DES），用于从银菖蒲（BC）中提取靛蓝色素，特别是靛蓝和靛玉红。BC在纺织工业中被公认为天然还原染料，在中药中被称为“青黛”。它以治疗牛皮癣等炎症性疾病而闻名。本研究对46个DES系统进行了常规方法的比较。疏水DES（由百里酚：癸酸组成的萜类和脂肪酸体系）和亲水DES（由氯化胆碱：对甲苯磺酸组成的氯化胆碱体系）的提取率均有显著提高。与传统乙醇相比，DES40和DES19的靛蓝含量高出约26倍，并且优于苛刻的有机溶剂二氯甲烷。考虑温度、时间、共溶剂等参数，采用Box-Behnken设计优化绿色萃取工艺。DES19的靛蓝和靛红含量最高，分别为270.91±14.38和5.70±0.11 mg/g， DES40的含量最高，分别为108.28±3.9和0.16±0.00 mg/mg/g。在角质形成细胞和成纤维细胞中使用基于细胞的MTT模型进行安全性评估，结果显示DES19和DES40在所有测试浓度下都是安全的。研究结果表明，采用DES法从BC中提取靛蓝是一种环保的溶剂提取技术，在纺织和制药工业中具有良好的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced physicochemical properties of Himalayan Weeping Bamboo-biochar for rapid multicomponent textile dyes uptake under classical and ultrasound irradiation: A comparative study 喜马拉雅垂枝竹生物炭在传统和超声波辐照下快速吸收多组分纺织染料的物理化学特性：比较研究

Next Sustainability

Pub Date : 2024-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2024.100089

Sumit Kumar , Chetna Tewari , Ligy Philip , Nanda Gopal Sahoo

This study focused on synthesizing a low-cost adsorbent via a unique two-step solvothermal slow pyrolysis of Drepanostachyum falcatum plant biomass. It evaluated its adsorption capabilities for removing various textile dyes, including methylene blue (MB), basic fuchsin (BF), and methyl orange (MO), from aqueous solutions. Under conventional and ultrasound-assisted conditions, the adsorption performance was assessed for single, binary, and ternary dye systems. Comprehensive investigations examined the effects of environmental factors such as temperature, pH, humic acid, and interfering ions on adsorption. The findings revealed that ultrasonication significantly accelerated the adsorption process, making it up to six times faster than classical adsorption methods, and equilibrium was reached in one-tenth the time required without ultrasound. The experimental data best fit the pseudo-second-order kinetics model, indicating that chemisorption was the dominant adsorption mechanism. Additionally, the Freundlich isotherm suggested multilayer sorption on the biochar surface. Maximum adsorption capacities under ultrasound were found to be 139.34 mg/g for MB, 75.09 mg/g for MO, and 98.13 mg/g for BF dyes, with a higher affinity observed for cationic dyes compared to anionic dyes. The study provides insights into an efficient, novel synthesis method for converting waste biomass into a valuable adsorbent for dye removal. It also highlights the role of ultrasound in enhancing physicochemical properties, facilitating improved mass transfer, and promoting better interaction between the dyes and the adsorbent.

本研究的重点是通过对 Drepanostachyum falcatum 植物生物质进行独特的两步溶解热缓慢热解，合成一种低成本的吸附剂。研究评估了其从水溶液中去除各种纺织染料（包括亚甲基蓝（MB）、碱性品红（BF）和甲基橙（MO））的吸附能力。在传统和超声辅助条件下，对单一、二元和三元染料体系的吸附性能进行了评估。综合研究了温度、pH 值、腐殖酸和干扰离子等环境因素对吸附的影响。研究结果表明，超声大大加快了吸附过程，使其比传统吸附方法快六倍，达到平衡所需的时间是不使用超声时的十分之一。实验数据最符合伪二阶动力学模型，表明化学吸附是主要的吸附机制。此外，Freundlich 等温线表明生物炭表面存在多层吸附。在超声波条件下，MB、MO 和 BF 染料的最大吸附容量分别为 139.34 毫克/克、75.09 毫克/克和 98.13 毫克/克，与阴离子染料相比，阳离子染料的亲和力更高。这项研究为将废弃生物质转化为有价值的染料去除吸附剂提供了一种高效、新颖的合成方法。该研究还强调了超声波在增强理化特性、改善传质以及促进染料与吸附剂之间更好的相互作用方面的作用。

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引用次数: 0

High energy and rate capable supercapacitor of polyaniline / vanadium pentoxide nanocomposite and its green electrolyte 聚苯胺/五氧化二钒纳米复合材料及其绿色电解质的高能量、高倍率超级电容器

Next Sustainability

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2024.100088

Aranganathan Viswanathan, Adka Nityananda Shetty

The concept of hybrid supercapacitors of combining the high energy density (E) of batteries and high power densities (P) of supercapacitors is better achieved with the PANI53.84 %/V₂O₅46.15 % nanocomposite (PV). As it exhibited a supercapacitor performance on par with that of Li – ion batteries. This high energy features of PV are achieved by the green approach of using the by-product obtained in the synthesis of electrode material as its electrolyte with and without modification. The energy storage parameters of PV in the presence of 1 M H₂SO₄ (SA) as electrolyte, are very unique as they increased in quantity with increase in No. of energy storage/delivery cycles. The PV displayed an exceptional durability up to 20,500 cycles at 0.4 V s¹, and specific capacity (Q) of 592.4 C g¹, an E of 98.73 W h kg ¹ (in the order of Li-ion batteries) and a P of 1.200 kW kg¹ at 1 A g¹ after 10,800 cycles in the presence of SA. A highest rate capability of 65.45 % up to 15 A g¹ is achieved when the by-product of PANI (SL of PANI) is used as the electrolyte for PV. When the by-product of PV is used as its electrolyte after its acidification with conc. methane sulphonic acid (MSA+SLPV), the Q of 388.0 C g¹, an E of 64.66 W h kg¹ and a P of 1.200 kW kg¹ were achieved at 1 A g¹. The MSA+SLPV also features the energy enhancement with increase in number of days.

PANI53.84 %/V2O546.15 %纳米复合材料（PV）更好地实现了将电池的高能量密度（E）和超级电容器的高功率密度（P）相结合的混合超级电容器概念。其超级电容器性能与锂离子电池相当。PV 的这种高能量特性是通过使用合成电极材料过程中获得的副产品作为电解质（无论是否经过改性）这一绿色方法实现的。在以 1 M H2SO4（SA）为电解质的情况下，光伏电池的储能参数非常独特，因为它们随着储能/输电循环次数的增加而增加。在 0.4 V s1 的条件下，光伏电池的耐久性高达 20,500 次，比容量 (Q) 为 592.4 C g1，E 为 98.73 W h kg 1（与锂离子电池相当），P 为 1.200 kW kg1（1 A g1 条件下）。将 PANI 的副产品（PANI 的 SL）用作 PV 的电解液时，在 15 A g1 的条件下可达到 65.45% 的最高速率能力。当光伏的副产品用浓甲烷磺酸（MSA+SLPV）酸化后用作电解质时，在 1 A g1 的条件下，Q 值为 388.0 C g1，E 值为 64.66 W h kg1，P 值为 1.200 kW kg1。MSA+SLPV 还具有随着天数增加而提高能量的特点。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring mechanisms, efficiency, and emerging technologies for zero-valent metals in water treatment: A review 探索水处理中零价金属的机理、效率和新兴技术：综述

Next Sustainability

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2024.100087

Muhammad Yusuf Suleiman , Ahmad Muhammad Abiso , Opeoluwa Olusola Fasanya , Abdulazeez Yusuf Atta , Fei Ye , Joydeep Dutta , Baba Jibril El-Yakubu

Domestic, industrial and agricultural activities require large amounts of water. This necessitates the need for an effective solution to meet the increasing water demand worldwide. A Huge amount of wastewater is generated daily and when this is left untreated, the contaminants present in these effluents may be harmful to the environment. There are various treatment techniques for the abatement of the contaminants present in these wastewaters. Conventional approaches often employed are the biological, physical and chemical methods. Zero-valent metals (ZVMs) such as zero-valent iron, zero-valent zinc, zero-valent aluminium to mention a few have emerged as promising candidates for wastewater treatment applications due to their unique reactivity and ability to facilitate the removal of various contaminants. In this report, a comprehensive review of the mechanisms, efficiency, and emerging technologies associated with ZVM-based water treatment is provided. The underlying objectives for which the review aimed to address include (i) providing an understanding of the ZVMs used in water treatment applications and their properties, (ii) reviewing the mechanisms employed by ZVMs to sequestrate contaminants, (iii) evaluating the efficiency of ZVMs in the removal of contaminants and (iv) exploring the various emerging technologies used in ZVM-based water treatment and to provide some recommendations for future research.

It was concluded from the work that ZVMs abate contaminants found in wastewater through an interplay and synergy of physical, chemical and catalytic mechanisms. ZVMs, when used with other treatment techniques, provide better benefits in the treatment of diverse contaminants. To help achieve the full scale utilization of ZVMs potential, sustained research efforts combined with innovative approaches are needed for sustainable and efficient water treatment solutions. The review offers insights into technologies needed to eliminate diverse contaminants from wastewater, addressing important considerations regarding sustainability and future directions of ZVM-based water treatment technologies.

家庭、工业和农业活动都需要大量的水。因此，需要一种有效的解决方案来满足全球日益增长的用水需求。每天都会产生大量废水，如果不加以处理，这些废水中的污染物可能会对环境造成危害。有各种处理技术可以减少这些废水中的污染物。通常采用的传统方法有生物法、物理法和化学法。零价金属（ZVMs），如零价铁、零价锌、零价铝等，由于其独特的反应性和去除各种污染物的能力，已成为废水处理应用中很有前途的候选物质。本报告全面回顾了与基于 ZVM 的水处理相关的机制、效率和新兴技术。综述的基本目标包括：(i) 了解水处理应用中使用的 ZVM 及其特性；(ii) 回顾 ZVM 封存污染物的机制；(iii) 评估 ZVM 去除污染物的效率；(iv) 探索基于 ZVM 的水处理中使用的各种新兴技术，并为未来研究提供一些建议。研究得出的结论是，ZVM 通过物理、化学和催化机制的相互作用和协同作用，可以减少废水中的污染物。当与其他处理技术一起使用时，ZVM 在处理各种污染物方面能带来更好的效益。为了帮助充分发挥 ZVMs 的潜力，需要持续开展研究工作，并结合创新方法，以获得可持续和高效的水处理解决方案。本综述深入探讨了消除废水中各种污染物所需的技术，探讨了基于 ZVM 的水处理技术的可持续性和未来发展方向方面的重要考虑因素。

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引用次数: 0

Bioenergy potential of paper waste: Fungal pretreatment and kinetics modelling 废纸的生物能源潜力：真菌预处理和动力学模型

Next Sustainability

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2024.100086

Utibe A. Ofon , Uduak U. Ndubuisi-Nnaji , Anthony A. Adegoke , Nnanake-Abasi O. Offiong , Ogechi P. Ewenike , Solomon E. Shaibu

Using the fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Aspergillus niger as a biopretreatment agent to improve degradation of lignocellulosic paper with analogous increase in biogas production, anaerobic digestion (AD) was executed. Milled and hydrothermally-treated (HT) or steamed paper were separately inoculated for 360 hr at 28 °C with each fungal species, with an uninoculated treatment as control. AD experiment was conducted in bench-scale batch bioreactors for 48 days at 40°C. The initial characteristics of the feedstock and inoculum were examined in addition to biomethane yield, total and volatile solids degradation, and lignocellulosic content removal. The pretreatment of milled paper with P. chrysosporium resulted in the highest biogas yield of 1035 mL/gVS, followed by A. niger with a yield of 550 mL/gVS. These values represented a significant increase (p < 0.05) of 226 % and 73 % compared to the untreated feedstock, respectively. P. chrysosporium pretreatment achieved the highest total solids removal of 66.85 %, whereas A. niger pretreatment resulted in the maximum volatile solids removal of 64.63 % in HT-paper waste. P. chrysosporium also exhibited the highest lignin removal efficiency, with 84.31 % in milled feedstock and 79.17 % in the steamed state. A. niger showed 77.28 % and 67.09 % lignin removal in the milled and HT paper, respectively. The study demonstrated that pretreatment with P. chrysosporium and A. niger significantly (p<0.05) improved biogas production by facilitating the biodegradation of lignocellulosic components. All measured biomethane data from experiments fitted adequately to the modified Gompertz model with R² ranging from 0.97 to 0.99.

利用真菌 Phanerochaete chrysosporium 和黑曲霉作为生物再处理剂，对木质纤维素纸进行厌氧消化（AD），以改善其降解，同时提高沼气产量。在 28 °C条件下，分别将磨碎的纸和水热处理（HT）或蒸煮的纸与每种真菌接种 360 小时，以未接种处理作为对照。厌氧消化实验在台式间歇生物反应器中进行，温度为 40°C，为期 48 天。除了生物甲烷产量、总固体和挥发性固体降解量以及木质纤维素含量去除量之外，还考察了原料和接种物的初始特性。使用 P. chrysosporium 对磨碎的纸张进行预处理后，沼气产量最高，达到 1035 mL/gVS，其次是 A. niger，产量为 550 mL/gVS。与未经处理的原料相比，这些数值分别大幅增加了 226 % 和 73 %（p < 0.05）。在 HT 废纸中，蛹虫草预处理对总固体的去除率最高，达到 66.85%，而黑木耳预处理对挥发性固体的去除率最高，达到 64.63%。菊孢菌的木质素去除率也最高，在磨碎的原料中为 84.31%，在蒸煮状态下为 79.17%。黑木耳菌在磨碎纸和 HT 纸中的木质素去除率分别为 77.28% 和 67.09%。研究表明，用蛹虫草菌和黑曲霉进行预处理可促进木质纤维素成分的生物降解，从而显著提高沼气产量（p<0.05）。所有实验测得的生物甲烷数据都与改进的贡培兹模型充分吻合，R2 在 0.97 到 0.99 之间。

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引用次数: 0

Alternatives assessment of polyvinylidene fluoride-compatible solvents for N-methyl pyrrolidone substitution in lithium-ion battery cathodes 用于锂离子电池正极中 N-甲基吡咯烷酮替代物的聚偏氟乙烯兼容溶剂的替代品评估

Next Sustainability

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2024.100084

Maxime Léger , Andrea La Monaca , Niladri Basu , George P. Demopoulos

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are central to electrification yet, to increase the efficiency and scalability of electric systems, energy storage technologies must integrate sustainability concepts into their design. Notably, the incumbent LIB technology uses the reprotoxic solvent N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) to dissolve polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) as a binder. This solvent, of concern to human and ecological health, must be replaced with less toxic alternatives. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to determine which potential solvents, compatible with PVdF binder within the cathode processing of LIBs, could replace NMP. This study followed the U.S. National Research Council’s Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives, and thus assembled and compared data concerning ecological and human hazards, performance, and cost. Five solvents were assessed as alternatives to NMP, derived from an analysis of 948 cells of data (708 cells of hazard data, 54 cells of performance data, and 186 cells of cost data). Triethyl phosphate (TEP) and N-N’-dimethylpropyleneurea (DMPU) are found to exhibit reprotoxic properties, and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) raised concerns in all three data categories studied. The most promising alternatives to NMP were dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene) and γ-valerolactone (GVL). With demand for sustainable energy storage growing, the results of this study aim to guide research and innovation of LIB technologies while avoiding regrettable substitutions in developing NMP-free LIBs.

锂离子电池（LIB）是电气化的核心，然而，为了提高电力系统的效率和可扩展性，储能技术必须在设计中融入可持续发展理念。值得注意的是，现有的锂离子电池技术使用再毒性溶剂 N-甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）来溶解作为粘合剂的聚偏氟乙烯（PVdF）。这种溶剂关系到人类和生态健康，必须用毒性较低的替代品来取代。因此，本研究的目的是确定在 LIB 阴极加工过程中，哪些与 PVdF 粘合剂兼容的潜在溶剂可以替代 NMP。这项研究遵循了美国国家研究委员会的 "化学替代品选择指导框架"，因此收集并比较了有关生态和人类危害、性能和成本的数据。通过分析 948 个单元的数据（708 个单元的危害数据、54 个单元的性能数据和 186 个单元的成本数据），评估了五种溶剂作为 NMP 的替代品。研究发现，磷酸三乙酯（TEP）和 N-N'-二甲基丙烯脲（DMPU）具有再毒性，而二甲基亚砜（DMSO）在研究的所有三个数据类别中都引起了关注。最有前途的 NMP 替代品是二氢化左旋葡烯酮（Cyrene）和γ-戊内酯（GVL）。随着可持续储能需求的增长，本研究的结果旨在指导锂离子电池技术的研究和创新，同时避免在开发不含 NMP 的锂离子电池时出现令人遗憾的替代品。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainability assessment of additive manufacturing end-of-life material management 增材制造报废材料管理的可持续性评估

Next Sustainability

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2024.100085

John D. Chea , Gerardo J. Ruiz-Mercado , Raymond L. Smith , Michael A. Gonzalez , David E. Meyer

Additive manufacturing (AM) methods enable complex, customized, and on-demand production of many products from different material types across various industries. The growing demand for flexible and more sustainable manufacturing solutions places AM in the mix of processes considered for non-commodities. However, AM processes also present unintentional environmental releases in end-of-life (EoL) material management, compromising overall sustainability. Data availability to assess the sustainability of individual EoL material management from individual AM processes is limited. Even so, EoL materials generated across AM practices frequently overlap, supporting high-level assessment as an alternative approach. Therefore, a holistic AM EoL material management sustainability analysis was completed using a customized list of efficiency, environmental, energy, and economic indicators from the Gauging Reaction Effectiveness for the Environmental Sustainability of Chemistries with a multi-Objective Process Evaluator (GREENSCOPE) methodology. Subsequently, this assessment identified low material recycling rates and high energy costs in some EoL material management processes, such as incineration and recovery. Subsequently, a trade-off analysis was performed to determine process modification opportunities, including implementing recycling to reduce the amount of hazardous waste at the expense of additional energy and cost investment. The AM EoL-specific sustainability analysis serves as a resource to offer insights and empower policymakers and stakeholders to enhance pollution prevention strategies and optimize the existing EoL material management processes.

快速成型制造（AM）方法可利用各行各业的不同材料类型，按需生产复杂的定制产品。对灵活且更具可持续性的制造解决方案的需求日益增长，这使得 AM 成为非商品制造工艺中的一种。然而，AM 工艺在报废（EoL）材料管理中也会无意中造成环境排放，影响整体可持续性。用于评估单个 AM 工艺的 EoL 材料管理可持续性的可用数据非常有限。即便如此，AM 工艺中产生的 EoL 材料经常会出现重叠，这支持将高层次评估作为一种替代方法。因此，利用多目标工艺评估器（GREENSCOPE）方法中的 "衡量反应效果以实现化学工艺的环境可持续性 "中的效率、环境、能源和经济指标定制列表，完成了一项整体的 AM EoL 材料管理可持续性分析。随后，该评估确定了一些 EoL 材料管理流程（如焚烧和回收）中的低材料回收率和高能源成本。随后，进行了权衡分析，以确定工艺修改的机会，包括实施回收以减少危险废物的数量，但要以额外的能源和成本投资为代价。针对对环境无害化产品的可持续性分析可作为一种资源，为决策者和利益相关者提供见解并增强其能力，以加强污染预防战略并优化现有的环境无害化产品材料管理流程。

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引用次数: 0

Review of starch-based coagulants for water treatment: Mechanisms, extraction and surface modification 用于水处理的淀粉基混凝剂综述：机理、提取和表面改性

Next Sustainability

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2024.100083

Kenyi Ho , Sie Yon Lau , Ling Hui Ting , Abdul Zahir , Man Kee Lam , Sook Yan Choy , Steven Lim , Tan Inn Shi

As the UN Sustainable Development Goal 6 emphasizes, sustainable and equitable access to clean water is paramount to improving public health and minimizing waterborne disease transmission. Due to rapid urbanization and population growth, freshwater resources are depleted, and approximately two-thirds of the world’s population will experience severe water scarcity by 2050. The coagulation-flocculation method demonstrates a viable solution for water treatment due to the minimal technical requirements, short treatment duration, and low material cost. Recently, starch-based coagulants have garnered significant attention due to their non-toxic nature, abundance, and cost-effectiveness. However, the coagulation efficiency of starch can be further enhanced through surface modification. The performance efficiency of starch-based coagulants largely depends on the modification technique, as it may influence the density of the surface charge. This review paper comprehensively discusses the coagulation mechanism of starch-based coagulants and the distinct methods for starch extraction. The removal efficacy of starch-based coagulants primarily depends on various physicochemical properties such as surface functional groups, zeta potential, and the elemental and morphological properties of the coagulant. Tailoring these properties is essential for developing a promising starch-based coagulant capable of effectively removing pollutants from water. Finally, the future prospects of starch-based coagulants are provided to highlight the exciting opportunities for sustainable water treatment and alignment with circular economy principles.

正如联合国可持续发展目标 6 所强调的那样，可持续和公平地获取清洁水对于改善公众健康和最大限度地减少水传播疾病至关重要。由于快速的城市化和人口增长，淡水资源已经枯竭，到 2050 年，全球约有三分之二的人口将面临严重的缺水问题。混凝絮凝法因其技术要求低、处理时间短、材料成本低而成为水处理的可行解决方案。最近，以淀粉为基础的混凝剂因其无毒性、丰富性和成本效益而备受关注。然而，淀粉的混凝效率可以通过表面改性得到进一步提高。淀粉基混凝剂的性能效率在很大程度上取决于改性技术，因为它可能会影响表面电荷的密度。本综述全面论述了淀粉基混凝剂的凝结机理和不同的淀粉提取方法。淀粉基混凝剂的去除效果主要取决于各种物理化学特性，如表面官能团、ZETA电位以及混凝剂的元素和形态特性。要开发出能有效去除水中污染物的淀粉基混凝剂，调整这些特性至关重要。最后，介绍了淀粉基混凝剂的未来前景，强调了可持续水处理和符合循环经济原则的令人兴奋的机遇。

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引用次数: 0

Use of EDS/EDX to evaluate heavy metals pollution in water sources 利用 EDS/EDX 评估水源中的重金属污染

Next Sustainability

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2024.100082

Michel Mutabaruka , Aditya Rana

The objective of the study was to evaluate the role of brick kilns in contaminating water bodies with heavy metals in Punjab, India. The energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS/EDX) machine effectively tested heavy metals in water samples. The research revealed that the surface water near the brick kilns was extensively polluted with heavy metals. Their Pollution Load Index (PLI) values varied between 2.83 and 52.98, and their degree of contamination was “Progressive deterioration”. The PLI values for groundwater ranged between 0.089 and 3.68, and the degree of contamination varied from “Baseline levels of pollutants” to “Progressive deterioration”. In general, the groundwater of the studied area had a PLI value of 0.477 (Baseline levels of pollutants), whereas the surface water had a PLI value of 11.453 (Progressive deterioration). The Water Quality Index (WQI) of groundwater was highly influenced by heavy metals, notably Arsenic (As) from lithologic origins, and Lead (Pb) from the burning of fuels in the brick kilns. In descending order, Pb>Zn>As>Cr>Ni metals were influencing the PLI, and the correlation matrixes demonstrated that the presence of heavy metals was associated with the PLI and WQI values. Therefore, there is evidence that brick kilns are polluting water bodies with heavy metals. EDS proved to be one of the instruments to evaluate the chemical elements in water. It was recommended to enforce the law governing the use of biomass to reduce vast quantities of coal used in baking bricks.

研究的目的是评估砖窑在印度旁遮普邦水体重金属污染中的作用。能量色散 X 射线光谱仪（EDS/EDX）有效地检测了水样中的重金属。研究结果表明，砖窑附近的地表水广泛受到重金属污染。其污染负荷指数（PLI）值介于 2.83 和 52.98 之间，污染程度为 "逐渐恶化"。地下水的污染负荷指数值介于 0.089 和 3.68 之间，污染程度从 "污染物基线水平 "到 "逐步恶化 "不等。总体而言，研究区域地下水的 PLI 值为 0.477（污染物基准水平），而地表水的 PLI 值为 11.453（逐步恶化）。地下水的水质指数（WQI）受重金属影响很大，特别是来自岩层的砷（As）和来自砖窑燃料燃烧的铅（Pb）。从高到低的顺序依次是铅>锌>砷>铬>镍，相关矩阵表明，重金属的存在与 PLI 和 WQI 值相关。因此，有证据表明砖窑对水体造成了重金属污染。EDS 被证明是评估水中化学元素的仪器之一。建议执行关于使用生物质的法律，以减少烧砖时使用的大量煤炭。

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引用次数: 0

Incorporating industrial residue of submerged arc welding (SAW) in cement-based mortar matrices as a green strategy 将埋弧焊（SAW）的工业残留物作为一种绿色战略纳入水泥基砂浆基质中

Next Sustainability

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.nxsust.2024.100080

B.S. Teti , A.L.M. Amorim , E.C. Costa , N.B. Lima , K.G.B. Alves , N.B.D. Lima

The construction industry, a key player in the fight against greenhouse gas emissions and solid waste generation, is actively seeking sustainable solutions to mitigate environmental impacts. This study investigates the technical feasibility of incorporating submerged arc slag, a byproduct rich in calcium and silicon oxides, into the mechanical properties of mortars. Three mixtures with a water/cement ratio of 1.4 were prepared: a reference mixture, one with the addition of 10 % slag, and another with 10 % cement replaced by slag. Compressive strength tests were carried out at 7, 14, and 28 days and revealed average losses of 12.4 %, 18.9 %, and 22.9 % in the mixture with replaced cement, while the mixture with slag addition showed lower losses of 2.6 %, 4.9 %, and 5.3 %. Although partial replacement of cement affects strength, levels remain within regulatory limits, and slag contributes to reducing CO₂ emissions, minimizes waste generation, and promotes the valorization of industrial byproducts. This study underscores the role of the construction industry in mitigating environmental impacts and the potential of submerged arc slag as a sustainable and effective alternative, balancing mechanical performance and environmental impact in civil construction.

建筑业是减少温室气体排放和固体废弃物产生的关键领域，它正在积极寻求可持续的解决方案，以减轻对环境的影响。本研究探讨了将富含钙和硅氧化物的副产品--浸没电弧炉渣掺入砂浆机械性能中的技术可行性。研究人员制备了三种水灰比为 1.4 的混合物：参考混合物、添加 10% 矿渣的混合物以及用矿渣替代 10% 水泥的混合物。在 7 天、14 天和 28 天时进行了抗压强度测试，结果显示，添加了替代水泥的混合物平均强度损失分别为 12.4%、18.9% 和 22.9%，而添加了矿渣的混合物强度损失较低，分别为 2.6%、4.9% 和 5.3%。虽然部分替代水泥会影响强度，但其水平仍在法规限制范围内，而且矿渣有助于减少二氧化碳排放，最大限度地减少废物产生，并促进工业副产品的价值化。这项研究强调了建筑行业在减轻环境影响方面的作用，以及埋弧炉渣作为一种可持续的有效替代品，在民用建筑中兼顾机械性能和环境影响的潜力。

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引用次数: 0