欧洲化学品政策在支持保护环境和人类健康免受持久性、流动性和毒性物质以及持久性和流动性极强物质的危害方面取得的进展

IF 6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Environmental Sciences Europe Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI:10.1186/s12302-024-00932-7
Tobias Mohr, Ivo Schliebner, Michael Neumann, Lise Oules, Hans Peter H. Arp, Sarah E. Hale
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引用次数: 0

摘要

2020 年,欧盟委员会发布了 "实现无毒环境的可持续性化学品战略"(CSS),作为欧盟零污染目标的一部分,这也是 "欧洲绿色交易 "的一项重要承诺。该战略强调的一类物质是持久性、流动性、毒性和极持久性、极流动性(PMT/vPvM)物质。本文将重点关注当前欧洲适用于 PMT/vPvM 物质的广泛政治格局,并探讨该政策框架内的差距和机遇。为了考察政治格局,我们审查了在欧洲绿色交易背景下发布的战略和行动计划,以及在欧洲绿色交易之前通过的少量其他战略。为确定与 PMT/vPvM 物质相关的行动,制定了一个模板,并将行动分为以下几类:"预防 & 减少"、"优先 "和 "补救"。当前环境政策的总体战略是 "欧洲绿色协议",其目标是到 2050 年实现碳中和和零污染。该战略旨在到 2050 年实现碳中和和零污染。"绿色政 策 "中最主要、最有针对性的战略是 "无毒品等级制度"(CSS)。导致环境排放的 PMT/vPvM 物质的潜在来源和接触途径非常广泛。因此,处理 PMT/vPvM 物质的相关法律框架涵盖了不同目的的政策和立法。从广义上讲,这些政策和立法与预防、最小化/控制和补救有关,正如无毒等级制度所反映的那样。当前的政策框架中存在许多差距和机遇,这些差距和机遇的产生主要是由于《化学品安全公约》(CSS)的大胆雄心以及随后引入的 PMT/vPvM 物质的新危害类别。其中一个差距是欧洲化学品政策缺乏统一性,这体现在《化妆品法规》和《杀菌剂产品法规》(BPR)上,两者目前并不一致。即使有新的科学信息,《化妆品法规》也不要求对物质进行重新评估,而《杀菌剂产品法规》则要求考虑新的科学证据。此外,REACH(高度关注物质标准)和其他使用危害等级来触发风险管理措施的立法(BPR、PPPR、制药立法、水框架指令)可能会根据新的危害等级进行修订,或目前正在进行修订。对 PMT/vPvM 物质的监管尚处于起步阶段。虽然许多欧盟行动计划都显示了化学品监管的整体差距和机遇,但只有某些政策直接提及 PMT/vPvM 物质。政策制定者、监管者和学术界有责任强调这些差距和相应的新兴机会窗口,以反映潜在的监管参与。分类、标签和包装(CLP)法规为 PMT/vPvM 物质引入了新的危害类别,这为确定这些物质迈出了第一步,但今后还需要在所有其他法规中落实监管后果。这需要欧盟委员会和欧盟成员国做出强有力的承诺。
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Progress in European chemicals policy to support the protection of the environment and human health from persistent, mobile and toxic and very persistent and very mobile substances

In 2020, the European Commission released its Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability towards a Toxic Free Environment (CSS) as part of the European Union’s zero pollution ambition, which is a key commitment of the European Green Deal. One group of substances highlighted in the CSS is persistent, mobile and toxic and very persistent and very mobile (PMT/vPvM) substances. This article focuses on the current, broad European political landscape that applies to PMT/vPvM substances as well as looking into gaps and opportunities within this policy framework. To look at the political landscape, strategies and action plans published in the context of the European Green Deal, as well as a small number of other strategies adopted prior to the European Green Deal, were reviewed. A template was developed to identify actions related to PMT/vPvM substances and the actions were split between the following categories: “Prevent & Reduce”, “Prioritize”, and “Remediation”. Following this, opportunities and gaps were identified.The current overarching strategy governing environmental policy is the European Green Deal which aims to achieve carbon neutrality and zero pollution by 2050. The CSS is the main and most focused Green Deal strategy addressing chemical pollution and uses a hierarchy tailored to chemicals management called the Toxic Free Hierarchy. The potential sources and exposure pathways of PMT/vPvM substances which result in environmental emissions are vast. This has the resultant effect that the relevant legal framework to address PMT/vPvM substances spans policies and legislation with different aims. Broadly, these policies and legislations are related to prevention, minimization/control and remediation, as reflected by the toxic-free hierarchy. There are many gaps and opportunities in the current policy framework which have primarily arisen due to the bold ambition of the CSS and the subsequent introduction of new hazard classes for PMT/vPvM substances. One such gap is related to a lack of harmonization across European Chemicals Policy demonstrated via the Cosmetics Regulation and the Biocidal Products Regulation (BPR) which are currently not aligned. The Cosmetics Regulation does not require a re-evaluation of a substance even in light of new scientific information, whilst the BPR requires new scientific evidence to be considered. In addition, REACH (SVHC criteria) and other legislation using hazard classes for triggering risk management measures (BPR, PPPR, pharmaceutical legislation, Water Framework Directive) may be expected to be revised or are currently being revised based on the new hazard class. The regulation of PMT/vPvM substances is in its infancy. While many EU action plans exhibit gaps and opportunities for chemical regulation as a whole, only certain policies refer to PMT/vPvM substances directly. It is up to policymakers, regulators and academia to highlight those gaps and corresponding emerging windows of opportunity that reflect potential regulatory engagement. The introduction of new hazard classes for PMT/vPvM substances in the Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) regulation provides a first step as these substances are identified, however, regulatory consequences need to be implemented in all other legislation in the future. This will need strong commitment from the European Commission and the EU Member States.

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来源期刊
Environmental Sciences Europe
Environmental Sciences Europe Environmental Science-Pollution
CiteScore
11.20
自引率
1.70%
发文量
110
审稿时长
13 weeks
期刊介绍: ESEU is an international journal, focusing primarily on Europe, with a broad scope covering all aspects of environmental sciences, including the main topic regulation. ESEU will discuss the entanglement between environmental sciences and regulation because, in recent years, there have been misunderstandings and even disagreement between stakeholders in these two areas. ESEU will help to improve the comprehension of issues between environmental sciences and regulation. ESEU will be an outlet from the German-speaking (DACH) countries to Europe and an inlet from Europe to the DACH countries regarding environmental sciences and regulation. Moreover, ESEU will facilitate the exchange of ideas and interaction between Europe and the DACH countries regarding environmental regulatory issues. Although Europe is at the center of ESEU, the journal will not exclude the rest of the world, because regulatory issues pertaining to environmental sciences can be fully seen only from a global perspective.
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