A critical review of distributed fiber optic sensing applied to geologic carbon dioxide storage

In the context of global climate change, carbon capture and storage (CCS) has become a direct and effective measure for reducing greenhouse gases emission. However, injecting CO₂ into the subsurface reservoirs may pose risks related to geological hazards. Therefore, monitoring the variations in underground temperature fields, strain fields, and vibration fields induced by CO₂ injection is essential for predicting and controlling geological hazards. Distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) technology, with its unique features, enables real-time monitoring of temperature, strain, and vibration. By deploying fiber optic (FO) cables inside wellbores, a DFOS can be used to effectively capture multiple underground response parameters. This paper reviews the applications of DFOS technology in CO₂ geological sequestration. The chapter covers aspects such as the literature review, principles and applications of fiber optics, and representative monitoring projects. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges and proposed solutions for DFOS technology in this context. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.