研究中影响能力培养方法实施效率的因素

S. Yermak, V.H. Hetta
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摘要

现代教育就是要建立这样的教育过程、方法、教育计划和评估工具体系,让学生有机会获得充分实现自我所需的技能。对科学和教学研究的分析表明,以能力为导向的学习方法是实现既定目标的主要思路之一。在学习的人的意识中,有效形成能力的主要因素是他/她根据所获得的科学知识开展活动的新理念。同时,学习能力方法的主要问题是组织这种活动。心理学家对活动结构的定义显示了以下组成部分:动机--目标--行为和操作。因此,为了取得成功,首先必须形成学生的自觉动机,以实现他们的内部协议,并使他们学习。在这一过程中,人的心智发展起着重要作用,在形成知识和技能的同时,应教会如何使用心智发展操作,即如何观察、比较、反对、分析、得出结论和在实践中使用知识。下列教学技术,如组织教育合作、项目技术差异研究、问题使用等,在研究中得到了推广。作者认为,一个人积极的生活状态对能力的形成,尤其是关键能力的形成起着主要作用。在公共活动中,年轻人形成了自己的人生信条,认识到要实现某些目标,就必须学习、工作和积极参与。有效利用学习能力的一个重要因素是对其进行适当的管理。作者认为,学科和关键能力的形成标准在能力学习的调节中起着主要作用。它们不仅为监测能力形成的动态提供了机会,而且也为做出反应、影响其质量和纠正过程提供了机会。关键词:能力、学科能力、关键能力、活动。
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FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFICIENCY OF COMPETENCE APPROACH IMPLEMENTATION IN THE STUDY
Modern education is to create such system of educational processes, methods, educational programs and assessment tools that give students the opportunity to acquire skills necessary for full self-realization of the individual. The analysis of the scientific and pedagogical research has shown that a competence approach to the study is one of the main ideas to gain a set goal. The main factor of effective competencies formation as a new idea in a human consciousness who studies is his/her activity based on the gained scientific knowledge. At the same time the main problem of the competence approach in the study is organizing such activity. Psychologists defining the activity structure show the following components: a motive- a goal- acts and operations. Thus, in order to succeed, first of all it’s necessary to form students’ conscious motivation to achieve their internal agreement and to make them study. A person’s mental development plays an important role in this process while forming knowledge and skills one should teach how to use the mental development operations, that is how to watch, compare, oppose, analyze, make conclusions and use knowledge in practice. The following pedagogical technologies as organizing educational cooperation, a project technology differential study, a problem use etc. promote in the study. According to the authors a person’s active life position plays the main role in competences formation especially key ones. In public activity the young people form their life credo, realize that to achieve some goals one should study, work and be active. One of the important factors of effective competence study use is its proper regulation. According to the authors criteria of subject and key competencies formation play a main role in competence study regulation. They give an opportunity to monitor not only the competence formation dynamics but also to react, influence their quality and to correct the process. Keywords: competence, subject competence, key competence, activity.
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