惠特拉姆的经济(跨)民族主义

IF 0.6 4区 社会学 Q1 HISTORY Australian Journal of Politics and History Pub Date : 2024-05-05 DOI:10.1111/ajph.12992
Ben Huf
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引用次数: 0

摘要

澳大利亚总理戈夫-惠特拉姆自己也承认,他并不精通经济,这也加剧了人们对其政府在 20 世纪 70 年代经济危机期间表现的批评。相比之下,惠特拉姆自诩为国际主义者,他提倡国际体系在国内和全球的可能性。当然,20 世纪的经济学与国际主义是相互影响而非对立的。因此,惠特拉姆的国际主义为重新评估其经济学提供了一个有利的角度。本文重点讨论惠特拉姆国际主义的一个方面--他对第三世界的同情和结盟--如何影响其政府的资源政策,该政策由矿产和能源部长雷克斯-康纳(Rex Connor)制定。不过,我认为惠特拉姆对第三世界的诉求并不是要通过这种国际主义来挽回其经济信誉,而是要在澳大利亚资源政策中注入一种反经济学--或者更准确地说,是对主流经济思想的批判。这种批判的影响经久不衰。惠特拉姆和康纳试图建立出口管制、外国投资法规和国有企业,这激起了矿工和自由主义经济学家的强烈反弹。这种反弹在过去 40 年里帮助塑造了澳大利亚矿业和能源政策的新自由主义框架。与此同时,随着气候变化和能源转型再次揭示了自然资源政治,惠特拉姆对第三世界的批判依然突出。
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Whitlam's Economic (Inter)Nationalism

By his own admission, Australian Prime Minister Gough Whitlam was not much of an economist, a disclosure that has fuelled criticisms of his government's performance during the economic crises of the 1970s. By contrast, Whitlam was a self-declared internationalist who promoted the domestic and global possibilities of the international system. Of course, twentieth-century economics and internationalism were mutual rather than dichotomous. Accordingly, Whitlam's internationalism provides a vantage point to re-evaluate his economics. This article focusses on how one strand of Whitlam's internationalism — his Third World sympathies and alignments — informed his government's resource policy, as designed by Minister for Minerals and Energy, Rex Connor. Rather than seeking to redeem Whitlam's economic credentials via this internationalism, however, I argue Whitlam's appeal to Third Worldism sought to infuse an anti-economics — or, more precisely, a critique of mainstream economic thinking — into Australian resources policy. The legacies of this critique have been enduring. Whitlam and Connor's attempts to establish export controls, foreign investment regulations, and state-owned enterprise galvanised a fierce backlash from miners and libertarian economists. This backlash has helped shape the neoliberal framing of Australian mining and energy policy over the past 40 years. At the same time, with climate change and energy transitions again illuminating the politics of natural resources, Whitlam's Third World critique remains salient.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
12.50%
发文量
59
期刊介绍: The Australian Journal of Politics and History presents papers addressing significant problems of general interest to those working in the fields of history, political studies and international affairs. Articles explore the politics and history of Australia and modern Europe, intellectual history, political history, and the history of political thought. The journal also publishes articles in the fields of international politics, Australian foreign policy, and Australia relations with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region.
期刊最新文献
Issue Information Issue Information Western Australia July to December 2023 Commonwealth of Australia July to December 2023 Issues in Australian Foreign Policy July to December 2023
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