Development of a dynamic mathematical model of PEM electrolyser for integration into large-scale power systems

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyser stands as a promising candidate for sustainable hydrogen production from renewable energy sources (RESs). Given the fluctuating nature of RESs, accurate modelling of the PEM electrolyser is crucial. Nonetheless, complex models of the PEM electrolyser demand substantial time and resource investments when integrating them into a large-scale power system. The majority of introduced models in the literature are either overly intricate or fail to effectively reproduce the dynamic behaviour of the PEM electrolyser. To this end, this article aims to develop a model that not only captures the dynamic response of the PEM electrolyser, crucial for conducting flexibility studies in the power system, but also avoids complexity for seamless integration into large-scale simulations without comprising accuracy. To verify the model, it is validated against static and dynamic experimental data. Compared to the investigated experimental cases, the model exhibited an average error of 0.66% and 3.93% in the static and dynamic operation modes, respectively.