Pub Date : 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101624
Peter A. Fokker , Eloisa Salina Borello , Francesca Verga , Dario Viberti
Well testing and conventional Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA) are fundamental and well-established methodologies for characterizing well and reservoir parameters. However, the applicability of PTA is limited during production or injection operations, since it requires a shut-in of the tested well, and it is significantly affected by interferences from neighboring wells.
In previous works, we proposed, implemented, and validated against real data a methodology called Harmonic Pulse Testing (HPT). HPT is complementary to PTA. By specifically deploying the periodicity of rate and pressure signals, it has been designed to be applied during ongoing field operations.
In this work, we present a new analytical solution for HPT in naturally fractured reservoirs. The proposed solution is also applied to geothermal systems, as it is coupled with a radial composite model capable of approximating the thermal front. The model has been validated against well-established analytical and numerical models under different scenarios. The calculation steps for converting the numerical dual-porosity model into storativity ratio and inter-porosity flow coefficient are also provided.
The results of a validation exercise demonstrate that our model is robust against potential interference from other wells and allows the detection of the thermal front. The methodology can therefore be successfully applied during ongoing operations in naturally fractured geothermal reservoirs.
{"title":"Dual-porosity model for harmonic pulse testing in fractured geothermal reservoir","authors":"Peter A. Fokker , Eloisa Salina Borello , Francesca Verga , Dario Viberti","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Well testing and conventional Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA) are fundamental and well-established methodologies for characterizing well and reservoir parameters. However, the applicability of PTA is limited during production or injection operations, since it requires a shut-in of the tested well, and it is significantly affected by interferences from neighboring wells.</div><div>In previous works, we proposed, implemented, and validated against real data a methodology called Harmonic Pulse Testing (HPT). HPT is complementary to PTA. By specifically deploying the periodicity of rate and pressure signals, it has been designed to be applied during ongoing field operations.</div><div>In this work, we present a new analytical solution for HPT in naturally fractured reservoirs. The proposed solution is also applied to geothermal systems, as it is coupled with a radial composite model capable of approximating the thermal front. The model has been validated against well-established analytical and numerical models under different scenarios. The calculation steps for converting the numerical dual-porosity model into storativity ratio and inter-porosity flow coefficient are also provided.</div><div>The results of a validation exercise demonstrate that our model is robust against potential interference from other wells and allows the detection of the thermal front. The methodology can therefore be successfully applied during ongoing operations in naturally fractured geothermal reservoirs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101624"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101575
Ruben J. Paredes , David Plaza , Raju Datla , Mijail Arias-Hidalgo , Paul S. Zambrano , Jose R. Marin-Lopez , Jose M. Ahumada , Ricardo Álvarez-Briceño , Rafael Soria , Wilson Guachamin-Acero , Jesus Portilla-Yandun , Muhammad R. Hajj
Wave Energy Converters (WECs) typically exhibit natural oscillation frequencies that are significantly higher than the dominant frequencies of ocean waves, limiting their energy capture efficiency. Unlike conventional designs that rely on complex active control systems to address this mismatch, this study investigates a passive alternative based on inverted cone-shaped submerged structures that entrap seawater during upward motion, thereby increasing the effective added mass, lowering the natural frequency, and enabling resonance tuning of a roll-based WEC. Building on previous numerical validation, we present results from tests on a 1:40-scale model in regular and irregular waves. Five configurations with varying cone size and suspension distance were evaluated under regular wave excitation. The configuration achieving the highest performance reached a maximum Capture Width Ratio (CWR) of 52%, exceeding the 20%–40% range typical of conventional WECs. To assess robustness under realistic conditions, that configuration was further tested in irregular wave spectra representative of swell-dominated seas. Even under random excitation, the tuned device maintained efficiencies above 20%, demonstrating robustness against spectral variability. The experimental results show close agreement with predictions from a linear analytical model and confirm that passive tuning via cone-shaped structures effectively broadens the resonance bandwidth of roll-harvesting WECs. By combining high efficiency, robustness, and structural simplicity, this low-cost, scalable approach addresses a long-standing limitation of WECs and provides a viable pathway toward full-scale deployment with integrated power take-off damping and adaptation to diverse wave climates.
{"title":"Passively-tuned roll-based wave energy converter for enhanced efficiency and frequency adaptability","authors":"Ruben J. Paredes , David Plaza , Raju Datla , Mijail Arias-Hidalgo , Paul S. Zambrano , Jose R. Marin-Lopez , Jose M. Ahumada , Ricardo Álvarez-Briceño , Rafael Soria , Wilson Guachamin-Acero , Jesus Portilla-Yandun , Muhammad R. Hajj","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wave Energy Converters (WECs) typically exhibit natural oscillation frequencies that are significantly higher than the dominant frequencies of ocean waves, limiting their energy capture efficiency. Unlike conventional designs that rely on complex active control systems to address this mismatch, this study investigates a passive alternative based on inverted cone-shaped submerged structures that entrap seawater during upward motion, thereby increasing the effective added mass, lowering the natural frequency, and enabling resonance tuning of a roll-based WEC. Building on previous numerical validation, we present results from tests on a 1:40-scale model in regular and irregular waves. Five configurations with varying cone size and suspension distance were evaluated under regular wave excitation. The configuration achieving the highest performance reached a maximum Capture Width Ratio (CWR) of 52%, exceeding the 20%–40% range typical of conventional WECs. To assess robustness under realistic conditions, that configuration was further tested in irregular wave spectra representative of swell-dominated seas. Even under random excitation, the tuned device maintained efficiencies above 20%, demonstrating robustness against spectral variability. The experimental results show close agreement with predictions from a linear analytical model and confirm that passive tuning via cone-shaped structures effectively broadens the resonance bandwidth of roll-harvesting WECs. By combining high efficiency, robustness, and structural simplicity, this low-cost, scalable approach addresses a long-standing limitation of WECs and provides a viable pathway toward full-scale deployment with integrated power take-off damping and adaptation to diverse wave climates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101575"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101632
Mahdi Jahandideh , Ali Mahmoudi , Saman Rashidi , Mohammad Sadegh Valipour , Saadat Zirak
The global challenge of dealing climate change and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions has prompted countries to explore effective methods, such as the utilization of renewable energy resources, which have lower emissions. This study investigates the potentials, and current situations for reducing greenhouse gas emissions through renewable energy resources in Iran. This study examines Iran’s energy consumption patterns, greenhouse gas emission profiles, and the present state and policies of renewable energy development by looking at both national energy data and foreign case studies. Key findings reveal that Iran reduced approximately 696,000 tons of CO2 emissions in 2018 and saved 286 million m3 of fossil fuel in power plants. Iran’s installed renewable energy capacity as of 2021 was estimated to be 11,929 MW. Also, the increase of 7500 MW of renewable capacity by 2023 was targeted by the Ministry of Energy of Iran. In this regard, Iran is committed to a 4% greenhouse gas reduction by 2050, compared to 2010 levels. Also, considering that 560 million tons of CO2 were produced in 2010, Iran committed to reducing 22.4 million tons. The study emphasizes how important it is to have supportive government policies, to invest in RE infrastructure, particularly in solar and wind energy, and the importance of strategic investment, supportive regulations, and international cooperation in advancing Iran’s transition toward a low-carbon economy.
{"title":"Leveraging renewable energy for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in Iran","authors":"Mahdi Jahandideh , Ali Mahmoudi , Saman Rashidi , Mohammad Sadegh Valipour , Saadat Zirak","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global challenge of dealing climate change and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions has prompted countries to explore effective methods, such as the utilization of renewable energy resources, which have lower emissions. This study investigates the potentials, and current situations for reducing greenhouse gas emissions through renewable energy resources in Iran. This study examines Iran’s energy consumption patterns, greenhouse gas emission profiles, and the present state and policies of renewable energy development by looking at both national energy data and foreign case studies. Key findings reveal that Iran reduced approximately 696,000 tons of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in 2018 and saved 286 million m3 of fossil fuel in power plants. Iran’s installed renewable energy capacity as of 2021 was estimated to be 11,929 MW. Also, the increase of 7500 MW of renewable capacity by 2023 was targeted by the Ministry of Energy of Iran. In this regard, Iran is committed to a 4% greenhouse gas reduction by 2050, compared to 2010 levels. Also, considering that 560 million tons of CO<sub>2</sub> were produced in 2010, Iran committed to reducing 22.4 million tons. The study emphasizes how important it is to have supportive government policies, to invest in RE infrastructure, particularly in solar and wind energy, and the importance of strategic investment, supportive regulations, and international cooperation in advancing Iran’s transition toward a low-carbon economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101632"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101566
Arman Jahan Eva, Al Amin, Md Nasir Uddin, Tamim Ahmed, Abu Anas Nasim, Md Sahadat Hossain Sani, Md Shamsul Arefin
The global transition toward renewable energy has intensified interest in hybrid energy solutions that combine solar and wind power to enhance sustainability and reliability. Several studies have examined such integrated systems, however, most existing designs remain expensive, visually unsuitable for public spaces, and lack real-time monitoring or optimization capabilities, particularly in developing nations such as Bangladesh. Despite Bangladesh’s favorable solar irradiance and moderate wind potential, rural and urban public areas lack an efficient, decorative, and smart energy infrastructure. To address this gap, we propose a novel IoT-enabled hybrid solar wind energy tree tailored for public and rural settings in Bangladesh. Unlike conventional solutions, our proposed design integrates both energy sources into a visually appealing and self-sustaining structure capable of live monitoring and remote management. The system uses low-cost hardware (Arduino Nano, ESP8266, INA226 sensors) and simulation tools (COMSOL Multiphysics for structural integrity, HOMER Pro for cost analysis and MATLAB Simulink for performance modeling) using MPPT. A prototype was implemented for economic evaluation under site-specific conditions in Rajbari, Bangladesh (23°40.8′N, 89°31.3′E) demonstrating a Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) $0.11/kWh to $0.18/kWh for a single unit, which is approximately 50% lower than a standalone solar system. The community-scale configuration achieved a daily energy generation of up to 165 kWh under optimal conditions with an LCOE of $0.2997/kWh. This integrated solution offers a scalable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly pathway to decentralized energy access in developing regions.
{"title":"Design and Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Solar-Wind Tree System with IoT based Real-Time Monitoring in Bangladesh","authors":"Arman Jahan Eva, Al Amin, Md Nasir Uddin, Tamim Ahmed, Abu Anas Nasim, Md Sahadat Hossain Sani, Md Shamsul Arefin","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global transition toward renewable energy has intensified interest in hybrid energy solutions that combine solar and wind power to enhance sustainability and reliability. Several studies have examined such integrated systems, however, most existing designs remain expensive, visually unsuitable for public spaces, and lack real-time monitoring or optimization capabilities, particularly in developing nations such as Bangladesh. Despite Bangladesh’s favorable solar irradiance and moderate wind potential, rural and urban public areas lack an efficient, decorative, and smart energy infrastructure. To address this gap, we propose a novel IoT-enabled hybrid solar wind energy tree tailored for public and rural settings in Bangladesh. Unlike conventional solutions, our proposed design integrates both energy sources into a visually appealing and self-sustaining structure capable of live monitoring and remote management. The system uses low-cost hardware (Arduino Nano, ESP8266, INA226 sensors) and simulation tools (COMSOL Multiphysics for structural integrity, HOMER Pro for cost analysis and MATLAB Simulink for performance modeling) using MPPT. A prototype was implemented for economic evaluation under site-specific conditions in Rajbari, Bangladesh (23°40.8′N, 89°31.3′E) demonstrating a Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) $0.11/kWh to $0.18/kWh for a single unit, which is approximately 50% lower than a standalone solar system. The community-scale configuration achieved a daily energy generation of up to 165 kWh under optimal conditions with an LCOE of $0.2997/kWh. This integrated solution offers a scalable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly pathway to decentralized energy access in developing regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101566"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101634
Qiuyan Xu, Greig Mordue
The aviation industry has committed to achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2050, with sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) identified as the most promising solution. The transition to SAF is mainly influenced by technological advancements, production capacities, and policy incentives. However, the rapidly evolving and diverse nature of SAF technologies complicates the landscape, resulting in a lack of value chain transparency and difficulties in understanding regional patterns in the SAF transition. This study addresses these challenges by constructing and analyzing a global database of SAF-related patents to examine SAF technology development trends, regional differences in innovation and patenting activities, the distribution of SAF technology domains, and key players in the supply chain. The analysis reveals regional disparities in innovation ecosystems and gaps in policy design while providing insights into the roles of stakeholders across the SAF value chain. Informed by these findings, the study makes policy recommendations aimed at addressing regional disparities, harmonizing SAF mandates, and aligning production with market dynamics, thereby supporting the sustainable decarbonization of aviation systems.
{"title":"The transition to sustainable aviation fuel: insights from patent analysis and policy implications","authors":"Qiuyan Xu, Greig Mordue","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aviation industry has committed to achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2050, with sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) identified as the most promising solution. The transition to SAF is mainly influenced by technological advancements, production capacities, and policy incentives. However, the rapidly evolving and diverse nature of SAF technologies complicates the landscape, resulting in a lack of value chain transparency and difficulties in understanding regional patterns in the SAF transition. This study addresses these challenges by constructing and analyzing a global database of SAF-related patents to examine SAF technology development trends, regional differences in innovation and patenting activities, the distribution of SAF technology domains, and key players in the supply chain. The analysis reveals regional disparities in innovation ecosystems and gaps in policy design while providing insights into the roles of stakeholders across the SAF value chain. Informed by these findings, the study makes policy recommendations aimed at addressing regional disparities, harmonizing SAF mandates, and aligning production with market dynamics, thereby supporting the sustainable decarbonization of aviation systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101634"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, we present a kinetic simulation model for gas hydrates in porous media using the Operator-Based Linearization (OBL) technique. The OBL approach introduces algebraic operators that represent the physical terms in the mass and energy balance equations. Operators are calculated only in supporting points comprising the discretized parameter space, and operator values and partial derivatives for linear system assembly are readily obtained through (multi-)linear interpolation. Taking advantage of this setup, the implementation of advanced thermodynamic models for hydrate formation and dissociation under kinetic assumptions is simplified. We test the assumptions for thermodynamic modelling by analysing the Gibbs energy surfaces of the fluid and hydrate phases and demonstrate that, in the limit, the thermodynamic equilibrium for both kinetic and equilibrium reaction models is equivalent. We compare the simulation results with the published experimental results for CH4-hydrates and extend the assessment to a CO2-hydrate formation experiment in a semi-batch, constant-pressure configuration. The model reproduces the main pressure–temperature transients and hydrate evolution for both CH4- and CO2-systems. We demonstrate applicability at core scale for hydrate formation and, at field scale, for gas production from CH4-hydrates by thermal stimulation and depressurization. The interaction of thermal-compositional phenomena (phase changes, adiabatic expansion, kinetic rates, and reaction enthalpy) gives rise to highly nonlinear physics that an appropriate OBL discretization resolves. Overall, the patterns of hydrate formation and dissociation are highly sensitive to the kinetic-rate inputs; hence, the appropriate choice of the reaction model remains a key consideration from both physical and numerical perspectives.
{"title":"A thermodynamically consistent simulation of gas hydrates in porous media using Operator-Based Linearization","authors":"Michiel Wapperom , Sadegh M. Taghinejad , Xiaocong Lyu , Rouhi Farajzadeh , Denis Voskov","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we present a kinetic simulation model for gas hydrates in porous media using the Operator-Based Linearization (OBL) technique. The OBL approach introduces algebraic operators that represent the physical terms in the mass and energy balance equations. Operators are calculated only in supporting points comprising the discretized parameter space, and operator values and partial derivatives for linear system assembly are readily obtained through (multi-)linear interpolation. Taking advantage of this setup, the implementation of advanced thermodynamic models for hydrate formation and dissociation under kinetic assumptions is simplified. We test the assumptions for thermodynamic modelling by analysing the Gibbs energy surfaces of the fluid and hydrate phases and demonstrate that, in the limit, the thermodynamic equilibrium for both kinetic and equilibrium reaction models is equivalent. We compare the simulation results with the published experimental results for CH<sub>4</sub>-hydrates and extend the assessment to a CO<sub>2</sub>-hydrate formation experiment in a semi-batch, constant-pressure configuration. The model reproduces the main pressure–temperature transients and hydrate evolution for both CH<sub>4</sub>- and CO<sub>2</sub>-systems. We demonstrate applicability at core scale for hydrate formation and, at field scale, for gas production from CH<sub>4</sub>-hydrates by thermal stimulation and depressurization. The interaction of thermal-compositional phenomena (phase changes, adiabatic expansion, kinetic rates, and reaction enthalpy) gives rise to highly nonlinear physics that an appropriate OBL discretization resolves. Overall, the patterns of hydrate formation and dissociation are highly sensitive to the kinetic-rate inputs; hence, the appropriate choice of the reaction model remains a key consideration from both physical and numerical perspectives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101616"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101609
Han Zhang, Huiming Mao
With solar energy playing an increasingly crucial role in the worldwide shift toward renewable resources, a comparative two-objective optimization is performed on a two-tank solar field integrated with an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and liquefied natural gas under three hot tank outlet temperatures of 200 C, 250 C, and 300 C. Optimization objectives include maximizing the system efficiency and minimizing the electricity production cost (EPC). The comprehensive optimization includes 8 variables, 11 working fluids, and 16 structures, with the results analyzed using the thermodynamic weight. Detailed analysis is further performed on two representative scenarios: the Equal Scenario and the Thermodynamic Scenario. The findings show that the R-ORC is preferred when thermodynamic considerations are the primary focus, whereas the B-ORC is more beneficial when the economic aspect is the main priority. At a hot tank outlet temperature of 300 C, the Equal Scenario attains 97.81% of the Thermodynamic Scenario‘s system efficiency while reducing EPC by as much as 9.35%. This result demonstrates that a slight sacrifice in thermodynamic performance could yield notable economic improvements. The condenser exhibits the highest exergy loss fraction among all components.
{"title":"Comparative optimization and exergy analysis of solar–LNG integrated Rankine cycles among different hot tank outlet temperatures","authors":"Han Zhang, Huiming Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With solar energy playing an increasingly crucial role in the worldwide shift toward renewable resources, a comparative two-objective optimization is performed on a two-tank solar field integrated with an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and liquefied natural gas under three hot tank outlet temperatures of 200 <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>∘</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>C, 250 <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>∘</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>C, and 300 <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>∘</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>C. Optimization objectives include maximizing the system efficiency and minimizing the electricity production cost (EPC). The comprehensive optimization includes 8 variables, 11 working fluids, and 16 structures, with the results analyzed using the thermodynamic weight. Detailed analysis is further performed on two representative scenarios: the Equal Scenario and the Thermodynamic Scenario. The findings show that the R-ORC is preferred when thermodynamic considerations are the primary focus, whereas the B-ORC is more beneficial when the economic aspect is the main priority. At a hot tank outlet temperature of 300 <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>∘</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>C, the Equal Scenario attains 97.81% of the Thermodynamic Scenario‘s system efficiency while reducing EPC by as much as 9.35%. This result demonstrates that a slight sacrifice in thermodynamic performance could yield notable economic improvements. The condenser exhibits the highest exergy loss fraction among all components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101609"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101625
Xueting Jiang , Aditi Mankad , Walter Okelo
Sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) are critical for sustainably transitioning the aviation sector into low-carbon status depending on the type of feedstock and technology. However, studies on the key factors that drive these environmental benefits, and the effect of emerging technologies such as biomanufacturing would have on SAF production in the future are limited. Consequently, we assessed the environmental impact of bio-based SAF production and investigated the key drivers of its carbon footprint (greenhouse gas emissions), focusing on Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA), Alcohol-to-Jet (AtJ), and Fischer-Tropsch (FT) pathways. Using Australia as a case study alongside a global benchmark, this study decomposed the life-cycle carbon footprint of SAF production into carbon intensity, energy efficiency, scalability, cost competitiveness, and industry size factors. Results reveal that the energy efficiency factor significantly reduces the SAF production carbon footprint across all three pathways. The scalability factor was a dominant challenge that greatly influenced the carbon footprint of SAF production across global scenarios, especially for HEFA and AtJ, while for Australia the effects of the scalability factor were smaller though remain a noticeable challenge for AtJ. The decomposition results in Australia resemble mostly the high- and very high- SAF production scenarios globally. Results of a sensitivity analysis suggest that biomanufacturing potentially enhances emission reductions for various SAF feedstocks in both Australia and globally, particularly for oilseed-based pathways in Australia.
{"title":"Flying green: Life cycle assessment and decomposition of bio-based sustainable aviation fuels production in Australia and global benchmarks","authors":"Xueting Jiang , Aditi Mankad , Walter Okelo","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) are critical for sustainably transitioning the aviation sector into low-carbon status depending on the type of feedstock and technology. However, studies on the key factors that drive these environmental benefits, and the effect of emerging technologies such as biomanufacturing would have on SAF production in the future are limited. Consequently, we assessed the environmental impact of bio-based SAF production and investigated the key drivers of its carbon footprint (greenhouse gas emissions), focusing on Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA), Alcohol-to-Jet (AtJ), and Fischer-Tropsch (FT) pathways. Using Australia as a case study alongside a global benchmark, this study decomposed the life-cycle carbon footprint of SAF production into carbon intensity, energy efficiency, scalability, cost competitiveness, and industry size factors. Results reveal that the energy efficiency factor significantly reduces the SAF production carbon footprint across all three pathways. The scalability factor was a dominant challenge that greatly influenced the carbon footprint of SAF production across global scenarios, especially for HEFA and AtJ, while for Australia the effects of the scalability factor were smaller though remain a noticeable challenge for AtJ. The decomposition results in Australia resemble mostly the high- and very high- SAF production scenarios globally. Results of a sensitivity analysis suggest that biomanufacturing potentially enhances emission reductions for various SAF feedstocks in both Australia and globally, particularly for oilseed-based pathways in Australia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101625"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid electrification of transportation demands intelligent coordination among heterogeneous energy subsystems within electric vehicles. This research establishes an analytics-driven management framework that unites photovoltaic generation, high-energy–density lithium-ion storage, and auxiliary fuel-cell support to achieve a balanced, sustainable, and economically viable propulsion system. Focusing on an urban case study in Xi’an, China, the model integrates real-time meteorological inputs and vehicle-operation data to dynamically regulate energy flows between PV modules and battery packs. A hybrid optimization layer couples techno-economic modeling with management-level decision analytics, allowing simultaneous assessment of power efficiency, operational scheduling, and lifecycle cost performance. Results show that the coordinated PV–battery strategy enhances driving range up to 61% while lowering equivalent energy cost and mitigating peak-load stress on urban charging infrastructure. Beyond the technical gains, the framework demonstrates how data-enabled decision mechanisms can inform managerial planning for fleet electrification and urban energy resilience. The study provides actionable insights for policymakers and industry practitioners seeking integrated strategies to strengthen the economic, environmental, and managerial dimensions of electric mobility, directly supporting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7 on affordable and clean energy.
{"title":"Economic and management evaluation of vehicle-mounted photovoltaic–battery systems in electric vehicles under urban operating conditions","authors":"Junfeng Niu , Nesrine Gafsi , Pooya Ghodratallah , Rabeb Younes , Mohamed Shaban , Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh , Amina Hamdouni","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid electrification of transportation demands intelligent coordination among heterogeneous energy subsystems within electric vehicles. This research establishes an analytics-driven management framework that unites photovoltaic generation, high-energy–density lithium-ion storage, and auxiliary fuel-cell support to achieve a balanced, sustainable, and economically viable propulsion system. Focusing on an urban case study in Xi’an, China, the model integrates real-time meteorological inputs and vehicle-operation data to dynamically regulate energy flows between PV modules and battery packs. A hybrid optimization layer couples techno-economic modeling with management-level decision analytics, allowing simultaneous assessment of power efficiency, operational scheduling, and lifecycle cost performance. Results show that the coordinated PV–battery strategy enhances driving range up to 61% while lowering equivalent energy cost and mitigating peak-load stress on urban charging infrastructure. Beyond the technical gains, the framework demonstrates how data-enabled decision mechanisms can inform managerial planning for fleet electrification and urban energy resilience. The study provides actionable insights for policymakers and industry practitioners seeking integrated strategies to strengthen the economic, environmental, and managerial dimensions of electric mobility, directly supporting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7 on affordable and clean energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101628"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101620
Md. Romzan Ali , Asif Iqbal , Abir Hassan Talukder , Md. Abdul Khaleque , Md. Ruhul Amin , Md. Ismail Hossain , Sakibul Islam , Md. Ikram Hossain , Md. Rafiul Hasan , Mohamed Aly Saad Aly , Ghada E. Khedr , Florian J. Stadler , Md. Zaved Hossain Khan
Owing to their distinctive stacked layered structure, exceptional conductivity, large specific surface area, and abundance of redox active sites, two-dimensional transition carbon nitride, and metal carbides and nitrides efficiently store and transfer charges, thus becoming attractive electrode materials for supercapacitors. MXene-based supercapacitors are, however, seriously hindered by the low specific capacitance driven by severe self-discharge behavior and poor ambient stability due to oxidation. To overcome these limitations, herein, a Mo2TiC2@PDA/MnO2 composite was synthesized to functionalize a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface via a two-layer modification strategy, which enabled faster charge transfer and ion diffusion within the electrode material, thus boosting the capacitive performance of Mo2TiC2 MXene. The composite’s structure and morphology were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the electrochemical behavior of the functionalized-electrodes was assessed by galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which all revealed that Mo2TiC2@PDA/MnO2 can be a promising electrode material for supercapacitor. The Mo2TiC2@PDA/MnO2 modified electrode delivered a high specific capacitance of 573 Fg−1 at a current density of 1 Ag−1 and demonstrated superior cycling stability with 87.43% capacitance retention over 5000 cycles. This study shows that integrating Mo2TiC2, PDA, and MnO2 can significantly improve the capacitance, stability, and eco-friendly operation in supercapacitors. However, the current work does not evaluate the performance in portable or flexible devices, and future studies may address this limitation through full-cell assembly and real-world testing. Overall, the composite provides a strong foundation for next-generation energy storage applications.
{"title":"Facile synthesis of 2D Mo2TiC2@PDA/MnO2 composite-based electrode material for clean and efficient energy storage","authors":"Md. Romzan Ali , Asif Iqbal , Abir Hassan Talukder , Md. Abdul Khaleque , Md. Ruhul Amin , Md. Ismail Hossain , Sakibul Islam , Md. Ikram Hossain , Md. Rafiul Hasan , Mohamed Aly Saad Aly , Ghada E. Khedr , Florian J. Stadler , Md. Zaved Hossain Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2026.101620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Owing to their distinctive stacked layered structure, exceptional conductivity, large specific surface area, and abundance of redox active sites, two-dimensional transition carbon nitride, and metal carbides and nitrides efficiently store and transfer charges, thus becoming attractive electrode materials for supercapacitors. MXene-based supercapacitors are, however, seriously hindered by the low specific capacitance driven by severe self-discharge behavior and poor ambient stability due to oxidation. To overcome these limitations, herein, a Mo<sub>2</sub>TiC<sub>2</sub>@PDA/MnO<sub>2</sub> composite was synthesized to functionalize a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface via a two-layer modification strategy, which enabled faster charge transfer and ion diffusion within the electrode material, thus boosting the capacitive performance of Mo<sub>2</sub>TiC<sub>2</sub> MXene. The composite’s structure and morphology were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the electrochemical behavior of the functionalized-electrodes was assessed by galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which all revealed that Mo<sub>2</sub>TiC<sub>2</sub>@PDA/MnO<sub>2</sub> can be a promising electrode material for supercapacitor. The Mo<sub>2</sub>TiC<sub>2</sub>@PDA/MnO<sub>2</sub> modified electrode delivered a high specific capacitance of 573 Fg<sup>−1</sup> at a current density of 1 Ag<sup>−1</sup> and demonstrated superior cycling stability with 87.43% capacitance retention over 5000 cycles. This study shows that integrating Mo<sub>2</sub>TiC<sub>2</sub>, PDA, and MnO<sub>2</sub> can significantly improve the capacitance, stability, and eco-friendly operation in supercapacitors. However, the current work does not evaluate the performance in portable or flexible devices, and future studies may address this limitation through full-cell assembly and real-world testing. Overall, the composite provides a strong foundation for next-generation energy storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":"30 ","pages":"Article 101620"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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