Machine learning methods for predicting CO2 solubility in hydrocarbons

The application of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has increased significantly, in which CO₂ solubility in oil is a key parameter in predicting CO₂ flooding performance. Hydrocarbons are the major constituents of oil, thus the focus of this work lies in investigating the solubility of CO₂ in hydrocarbons. However, current experimental measurements are time-consuming, and equations of state can be computationally complex. To address these challenges, we developed an artificial intelligence-based model to predict the solubility of CO₂ in hydrocarbons under varying conditions of temperature, pressure, molecular weight, and density. Using experimental data from previous studies, we trained and predicted the solubility using four machine learning models: support vector regression (SVR), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), random forest (RF), and multilayer perceptron (MLP). Among four models, the XGBoost model has the best predictive performance, with an R² of 0.9838. Additionally, sensitivity analysis and evaluation of the relative impacts of each input parameter indicate that the prediction of CO₂ solubility in hydrocarbons is most sensitive to pressure. Furthermore, our trained model was compared with existing models, demonstrating higher accuracy and applicability of our model. The developed machine learning-based model provides a more efficient and accurate approach for predicting CO₂ solubility in hydrocarbons, which may contribute to the advancement of CO₂-related applications in the petroleum industry.