Petroleum Science最新文献

Thermal evolution of the Paleozoic in the eastern Sichuan Basin: Insights from thermochronometric analyses and basin modeling 四川盆地东部古生代热演化：来自热年代学分析和盆地模拟的启示

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.petsci.2025.08.030

Xin Liu , Nan-Sheng Qiu , Qian-Qian Feng

Eastern Sichuan Basin is a critical region for oil and gas production in China, and the thermal effect of the Emeishan Mantle Plume (EMP) on the basin remains unclear, which limits the study of the Paleozoic hydrocarbon accumulation process. Thus, clarifying the thermal history is crucial for oil and gas evaluation and exploration. This study combines zircon fission track (ZFT), zircon (U-Th)/He (ZHe), and vitrinite reflectance analyses to reconstruct the thermal history since the Paleozoic and investigate the maturity evolution of Paleozoic source rocks in the eastern Sichuan Basin. Additionally, the contributing factors of the Permian abnormal heat flow and the thermal effect range of the EMP were analyzed. Thermal history results show a stable low heat flow phase (45–55 mW/m²) from the Cambrian to Permian, a rapid increase to peak values (62–70 mW/m²) during the Middle Permian, and a gradual decline to current stable values (47–62 mW/m²) from the Triassic onward. Thermal evolution revealed that Paleozoic source rocks exhibited maturation stagnation due to tectonic events, while the Permian peak heat flow and the Jurassic-Late Cretaceous rapid burial accelerated maturation. The Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation and Silurian Longmaxi Formation source rocks began generating hydrocarbons (R_equ = 0.5%) in the Late Cambrian–Late Ordovician and Late Silurian–Early Devonian, respectively, while it was Late Permian–Early Triassic for Permian source rocks. Peak maturity (R_equ > 2%) occurred in the Late Cretaceous, with natural gas as the dominant product. The EMP significantly influenced the thermal regime of the western and central Sichuan Basin, with a thermal effect radius of ∼600–650 km. In contrast, the Permian thermal anomaly in the eastern Sichuan Basin is attributed to the lithospheric extension associated with the Middle Permian Kaijiang-Liangping trough. These findings provide critical insights for deep and ultra-deep gas exploration and enhance the understanding of the EMP's regional thermal impacts.

川东盆地是中国油气生产的关键地区，峨眉山地幔柱对盆地的热效应尚不清楚，限制了古生代油气成藏过程的研究。因此，明确热史对油气评价和勘探具有重要意义。结合锆石裂变径迹（ZFT）、锆石(U-Th)/He（喆）和镜质组反射率分析，重建了川东地区古生代以来的热史，探讨了川东地区古生代烃源岩的成熟度演化。分析了二叠系异常热流成因及电磁脉冲热效应范围。热史结果表明，寒武纪至二叠纪为稳定的低热流阶段（45 ~ 55 mW/m2），中二叠纪快速上升至峰值（62 ~ 70 mW/m2），三叠纪以后逐渐下降至目前的稳定值（47 ~ 62 mW/m2）。热演化表明，古生代烃源岩受构造事件影响成熟停滞，二叠纪热流高峰和侏罗纪-晚白垩世快速埋藏加速了烃源岩成熟。寒武系筇竹寺组烃源岩和志留系龙马溪组烃源岩分别在晚寒武世—晚奥陶世和晚志留世—早泥盆世开始生烃（Requ = 0.5%），而二叠系烃源岩则在晚二叠世—早三叠世开始生烃。晚白垩世成熟度达到峰值（要求为2%），以天然气为主导产物。EMP显著影响了四川盆地西部和中部的热状态，热效应半径为~ 600 ~ 650 km。四川盆地东部二叠纪热异常与中二叠统开江—梁平槽相关的岩石圈伸展有关。这些发现为深层和超深层天然气勘探提供了重要的见解，并增强了对EMP区域热影响的理解。

{"title":"Thermal evolution of the Paleozoic in the eastern Sichuan Basin: Insights from thermochronometric analyses and basin modeling","authors":"Xin Liu , Nan-Sheng Qiu , Qian-Qian Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.08.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.08.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eastern Sichuan Basin is a critical region for oil and gas production in China, and the thermal effect of the Emeishan Mantle Plume (EMP) on the basin remains unclear, which limits the study of the Paleozoic hydrocarbon accumulation process. Thus, clarifying the thermal history is crucial for oil and gas evaluation and exploration. This study combines zircon fission track (ZFT), zircon (U-Th)/He (ZHe), and vitrinite reflectance analyses to reconstruct the thermal history since the Paleozoic and investigate the maturity evolution of Paleozoic source rocks in the eastern Sichuan Basin. Additionally, the contributing factors of the Permian abnormal heat flow and the thermal effect range of the EMP were analyzed. Thermal history results show a stable low heat flow phase (45–55 mW/m<sup>2</sup>) from the Cambrian to Permian, a rapid increase to peak values (62–70 mW/m<sup>2</sup>) during the Middle Permian, and a gradual decline to current stable values (47–62 mW/m<sup>2</sup>) from the Triassic onward. Thermal evolution revealed that Paleozoic source rocks exhibited maturation stagnation due to tectonic events, while the Permian peak heat flow and the Jurassic-Late Cretaceous rapid burial accelerated maturation. The Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation and Silurian Longmaxi Formation source rocks began generating hydrocarbons (<em>R</em><sub>equ</sub> = 0.5%) in the Late Cambrian–Late Ordovician and Late Silurian–Early Devonian, respectively, while it was Late Permian–Early Triassic for Permian source rocks. Peak maturity (<em>R</em><sub>equ</sub> > 2%) occurred in the Late Cretaceous, with natural gas as the dominant product. The EMP significantly influenced the thermal regime of the western and central Sichuan Basin, with a thermal effect radius of ∼600–650 km. In contrast, the Permian thermal anomaly in the eastern Sichuan Basin is attributed to the lithospheric extension associated with the Middle Permian Kaijiang-Liangping trough. These findings provide critical insights for deep and ultra-deep gas exploration and enhance the understanding of the EMP's regional thermal impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 11","pages":"Pages 4428-4445"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145697918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A modeling-inversion methodology for source rocks based on clay-kerogen lamination and pore geometry 基于粘土-干酪根层理和孔隙几何的烃源岩建模反演方法

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.petsci.2025.06.021

Cong Luo , Jun-Wei Cheng , Jing Ba , José Carcione , Lu-Lu Chen

Source rocks (shales) exhibit different geometric pore types and considerable anisotropy caused by the preferential orientation of the clay and kerogen layers, which is not accounted for in classical rock-physics models. Pore geometry can be effectively studied through the aspect ratio, and in this study, we use the aspect ratio to characterize different pore geometries. Then, we consider a pore connectivity index as well as a lamination index associated with these orientations. An inclusion-based theory (differential effective medium and self-consistent approximation) and the Brown-Korringa equations are used in the modeling approach. The results show that the indices as well as the aspect ratio of the connected pores significantly affect the elastic properties. We propose an inversion method to invert these three parameters simultaneously from experimental vertical P- and S-wave velocities using a global optimization algorithm. The method is applied to well log and seismic data from the Longmaxi shale reservoir in southwest China to verify its predictive ability.

烃源岩（页岩）表现出不同的几何孔隙类型和明显的各向异性，这是由粘土层和干酪根层的优先取向引起的，这在经典的岩石物理模型中没有考虑到。通过纵横比可以有效地研究孔隙几何形状，在本研究中，我们使用纵横比来表征不同的孔隙几何形状。然后，我们考虑孔隙连通性指数以及与这些方向相关的层压指数。建模方法采用了基于包容的理论（微分有效介质和自洽近似）和Brown-Korringa方程。结果表明，连通孔隙的指数和长径比对材料的弹性性能有显著影响。我们提出了一种利用全局优化算法从实验纵波和横波速度同时反演这三个参数的方法。将该方法应用于龙马溪页岩储层的测井和地震资料，验证了该方法的预测能力。

{"title":"A modeling-inversion methodology for source rocks based on clay-kerogen lamination and pore geometry","authors":"Cong Luo , Jun-Wei Cheng , Jing Ba , José Carcione , Lu-Lu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.06.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.06.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Source rocks (shales) exhibit different geometric pore types and considerable anisotropy caused by the preferential orientation of the clay and kerogen layers, which is not accounted for in classical rock-physics models. Pore geometry can be effectively studied through the aspect ratio, and in this study, we use the aspect ratio to characterize different pore geometries. Then, we consider a pore connectivity index as well as a lamination index associated with these orientations. An inclusion-based theory (differential effective medium and self-consistent approximation) and the Brown-Korringa equations are used in the modeling approach. The results show that the indices as well as the aspect ratio of the connected pores significantly affect the elastic properties. We propose an inversion method to invert these three parameters simultaneously from experimental vertical P- and S-wave velocities using a global optimization algorithm. The method is applied to well log and seismic data from the Longmaxi shale reservoir in southwest China to verify its predictive ability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 11","pages":"Pages 4462-4491"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145697929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

FDEM modeling of the fracture propagation behavior under the joint interaction of shale anisotropy and multi-lithologic stack 页岩各向异性与多岩性叠加共同作用下裂缝扩展行为的FDEM模拟

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.petsci.2025.09.001

Rui Yang , Xiao-Guang Wu , Teng-Da Long , Gen-Sheng Li , Zhong-Wei Huang , Zi-Xiao Xie , Xiao-Xuan Li , Xiang-Yang Wang

Exploring the interaction between hydraulic fractures and complex geological conditions is critical for multilayered commingling production in the laminated continental shale oil reservoirs. In this paper, a 2D hydro-mechanical coupling numerical model is developed to investigate the fracture propagation behavior affected by the joint interaction of multi-lithologic stack and shale anisotropy. The model adopts a smear approach to reproduce the mechanical anisotropy of shale observed from laboratory experiments with powerful finite-discrete element method (FDEM) to precisely capture the transition from elastic deformation to failure during fluid injection in layered heterogeneous media. The results indicate that shale anisotropy affects hydraulic fracture initiation and propagation behavior. The estimated breakdown pressure is 15% higher than that in horizontal homogeneous shale oil reservoirs. The elastic anisotropy alters the stress trajectory and magnitudes, while the strength anisotropy affects the failure mode and fracture morphology. Under the combined two factors, the established fracture network reveals potent cross-layer abilities with less activation of weak planes. Additionally, the sedimentary structure of thin interlayers hinders fracture height extension, resulting in a limited stimulated reservoir volume (SRV). Optimization of engineering and geological parameters could mitigate this limitation and efficiently co-develop the multiple sweet-spot pay zones. For field application, it is proposed to select a modest stress difference formation (K_v around 0.75–1.00) for stimulation. Then, an alternated high/low injection rate can be employed to improve the cross-layer ability and activate the underlying weak planes, finally realizing an ideal SRV. The key findings are expected to provide new insights into the fracture propagation mechanism and guide reservoir stimulation in continental shale oil.

研究水力裂缝与复杂地质条件之间的相互作用是层状陆相页岩油藏多层合采的关键。本文建立了二维水-力耦合数值模型，研究了多岩性叠加和页岩各向异性联合作用对裂缝扩展行为的影响。该模型采用涂抹法，利用强大的有限离散元法（FDEM）再现实验室实验中观察到的页岩力学各向异性，精确捕捉层状非均质介质注入流体过程中从弹性变形到破坏的转变过程。结果表明，页岩各向异性影响水力裂缝的起裂和扩展行为。估计破裂压力比水平均质页岩油藏高15%。弹性各向异性改变应力轨迹和大小，强度各向异性影响破坏模式和断裂形态。在这两个因素的综合作用下，所建立的裂缝网络显示出较强的跨层能力，弱面激活较少。此外，薄夹层的沉积构造阻碍了裂缝高度的扩展，导致增产储层体积有限。工程和地质参数的优化可以缓解这一限制，并有效地共同开发多个甜点产层。对于现场应用，建议选择应力差适中的地层（Kv约为0.75-1.00）进行增产。然后，采用高/低交替注入速率来提高跨层能力，激活底层弱层，最终实现理想的SRV。这些关键发现有望为裂缝扩展机制提供新的见解，并指导陆相页岩油的储层改造。

{"title":"FDEM modeling of the fracture propagation behavior under the joint interaction of shale anisotropy and multi-lithologic stack","authors":"Rui Yang , Xiao-Guang Wu , Teng-Da Long , Gen-Sheng Li , Zhong-Wei Huang , Zi-Xiao Xie , Xiao-Xuan Li , Xiang-Yang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exploring the interaction between hydraulic fractures and complex geological conditions is critical for multilayered commingling production in the laminated continental shale oil reservoirs. In this paper, a 2D hydro-mechanical coupling numerical model is developed to investigate the fracture propagation behavior affected by the joint interaction of multi-lithologic stack and shale anisotropy. The model adopts a smear approach to reproduce the mechanical anisotropy of shale observed from laboratory experiments with powerful finite-discrete element method (FDEM) to precisely capture the transition from elastic deformation to failure during fluid injection in layered heterogeneous media. The results indicate that shale anisotropy affects hydraulic fracture initiation and propagation behavior. The estimated breakdown pressure is 15% higher than that in horizontal homogeneous shale oil reservoirs. The elastic anisotropy alters the stress trajectory and magnitudes, while the strength anisotropy affects the failure mode and fracture morphology. Under the combined two factors, the established fracture network reveals potent cross-layer abilities with less activation of weak planes. Additionally, the sedimentary structure of thin interlayers hinders fracture height extension, resulting in a limited stimulated reservoir volume (SRV). Optimization of engineering and geological parameters could mitigate this limitation and efficiently co-develop the multiple sweet-spot pay zones. For field application, it is proposed to select a modest stress difference formation (<em>K</em><sub>v</sub> around 0.75–1.00) for stimulation. Then, an alternated high/low injection rate can be employed to improve the cross-layer ability and activate the underlying weak planes, finally realizing an ideal SRV. The key findings are expected to provide new insights into the fracture propagation mechanism and guide reservoir stimulation in continental shale oil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 11","pages":"Pages 4656-4681"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145698015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coking behavior during the cooling process of cracked hydrocarbon fuels: Characterization of coke and elucidation of condensation coking mechanism 裂解烃燃料冷却过程中的结焦行为：焦炭的表征及缩聚结焦机理的阐明

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.petsci.2025.08.019

Liu-Ru Liu , Yu Liu , Lang Luo , Xin-Ke Wang , Wen-Rui Yan , Bo Wang , Quan Zhu

The active cooling technology of endothermic hydrocarbon fuels is a key way to solve the thermal protection of high-speed aircraft engines, but the condensation coking problem during engine shutdown is a bottleneck that affects the reusability of aircraft. In this study, a self-designed apparatus was used to separately analyze the condensation coking during the fuel cooling process, and the coking characteristics under different temperature conditions were obtained. The condensation coking mechanism of fuel during cooling process was proposed based on the changes in physical properties of coking precursors obtained by the group contribution method. When the temperature drops to 300 °C, not only the gas yield and conversion increase to 71.42% and 89.75% respectively, but the coke mass on the inner surface of the tube also significantly increases from 0.39 to 1.92 mg. Meanwhile, as the temperature further decreases, the morphology of coke gradually transforms into amorphous carbon with a higher degree of graphitization. During the cooling process, due to the liquefaction of coking precursors, their physical properties such as viscosity, density, and saturated vapor pressure undergo sudden changes at 300 °C, leading to enhanced intermolecular physical interactions and promoting the physical aggregation of coking precursor molecules, which are deposited on the inner wall of the tube. This work provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent study of condensation coking mechanisms and inhibition methods.

碳氢吸热燃料主动冷却技术是解决高速航空发动机热防护的关键途径，但发动机停机时的凝结结焦问题是影响飞机重复使用的瓶颈。本研究利用自行设计的装置，分别对燃料冷却过程中的冷凝结焦进行了分析，得到了不同温度条件下的结焦特性。根据基团贡献法得到的焦化前驱体物理性质的变化，提出了燃料在冷却过程中的冷凝结焦机理。当温度降至300℃时，气产率和转化率分别提高到71.42%和89.75%，管内表面焦炭质量也从0.39 mg显著增加到1.92 mg。同时，随着温度的进一步降低，焦炭的形貌逐渐转变为石墨化程度更高的无定形碳。在冷却过程中，由于焦化前驱体的液化，其粘度、密度、饱和蒸汽压等物理性质在300℃时发生突变，导致分子间物理相互作用增强，促进了焦化前驱体分子的物理聚集，并沉积在管内内壁。该工作为后续缩合结焦机理和抑制方法的研究提供了理论基础。

{"title":"Coking behavior during the cooling process of cracked hydrocarbon fuels: Characterization of coke and elucidation of condensation coking mechanism","authors":"Liu-Ru Liu , Yu Liu , Lang Luo , Xin-Ke Wang , Wen-Rui Yan , Bo Wang , Quan Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.08.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.08.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The active cooling technology of endothermic hydrocarbon fuels is a key way to solve the thermal protection of high-speed aircraft engines, but the condensation coking problem during engine shutdown is a bottleneck that affects the reusability of aircraft. In this study, a self-designed apparatus was used to separately analyze the condensation coking during the fuel cooling process, and the coking characteristics under different temperature conditions were obtained. The condensation coking mechanism of fuel during cooling process was proposed based on the changes in physical properties of coking precursors obtained by the group contribution method. When the temperature drops to 300 °C, not only the gas yield and conversion increase to 71.42% and 89.75% respectively, but the coke mass on the inner surface of the tube also significantly increases from 0.39 to 1.92 mg. Meanwhile, as the temperature further decreases, the morphology of coke gradually transforms into amorphous carbon with a higher degree of graphitization. During the cooling process, due to the liquefaction of coking precursors, their physical properties such as viscosity, density, and saturated vapor pressure undergo sudden changes at 300 °C, leading to enhanced intermolecular physical interactions and promoting the physical aggregation of coking precursor molecules, which are deposited on the inner wall of the tube. This work provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent study of condensation coking mechanisms and inhibition methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 11","pages":"Pages 4781-4793"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145698021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Uncertainty-aware neural networks with manual quality control for hydraulic fracturing downhole microseismic monitoring: From automated phase detection to robust source location 水力压裂井下微地震监测的人工质量控制的不确定性感知神经网络：从自动相位检测到鲁棒震源定位

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.petsci.2025.07.017

Yi-Lun Zhang , Zhi-Chao Yu , Chuan He

Passive microseismic monitoring (PMM) serves as a fundamental technology for assessing hydraulic fracturing (HF) effectiveness, with a key focus on accurate and efficient phase detection/arrival picking and source location. In PMM data processing, the data-driven paradigm (deep learning based) outperforms the model-driven paradigm in characteristic extraction but lacks quality control and uncertainty quantification. Monte Carlo Dropout, a Bayesian uncertainty quantification technique, performs stochastic neuron deactivation through multiple forward propagation samplings. Therefore, this study proposes a deep learning neural network incorporating uncertainty quantification with manual quality control integration, establishing an optimized workflow spanning automated phase detection to robust source location. The methodology implementation comprises two principal components: (1) The MD-Net employing Monte Carlo Dropout strategy enabling simultaneous phase detection/arrival picking and uncertainty estimation; (2) an integrated hybrid-driven workflow with a traveltime-based inversion method for source location. Validation with field data demonstrates that MD-Net achieves superior performance under low signal-to-noise ratio conditions, maintaining detection accuracy exceeding 99% for both P- and S-waves. The phase arrival picking precision shows significant improvement, with a 40% reduction in standard deviation compared to the baseline model (P-S time difference decreasing from 12.0 ms to 7.1 ms), while providing quantifiable uncertainty metrics for manual calibration. Source location results further reveal that our hybrid-driven workflow produces more physically plausible event distributions, with 100% of microseismic events clustering along the primary fracture expanding direction. This performance surpasses traditional cross-correlation methods and single/multi-trace data-driven methods in spatial rationality. This study establishes an interpretable, high-precision automated framework for HF-PMM applications, demonstrating potential for extension to diverse geological settings and monitoring configurations.

被动微震监测（PMM）是评估水力压裂（HF）效果的一项基础技术，其重点是准确高效的相位检测/到达拾取和震源定位。在PMM数据处理中，数据驱动范式（基于深度学习）在特征提取方面优于模型驱动范式，但缺乏质量控制和不确定性量化。蒙特卡罗Dropout是一种贝叶斯不确定性量化技术，通过多次前向传播采样来执行随机神经元失活。因此，本研究提出了一种结合不确定性量化和人工质量控制集成的深度学习神经网络，建立了一个跨越自动相位检测到鲁棒源定位的优化工作流程。该方法的实现包括两个主要部分：(1)MD-Net采用蒙特卡罗Dropout策略，能够同时进行相位检测/到达拾取和不确定性估计；(2)基于旅行时的源位置反演方法的集成混合驱动工作流。现场数据验证表明，MD-Net在低信噪比条件下具有优异的性能，对P波和s波的检测精度均超过99%。相位到达拾取精度有了显著提高，与基线模型相比，标准偏差降低了40% (P-S时间差从12.0 ms降至7.1 ms)，同时为手动校准提供了可量化的不确定度指标。震源定位结果进一步表明，混合驱动的工作流程产生了更合理的物理事件分布，100%的微地震事件聚集在主裂缝扩展方向上。该性能在空间合理性上优于传统的互相关方法和单道/多道数据驱动方法。本研究为HF-PMM应用建立了一个可解释的高精度自动化框架，展示了将其扩展到不同地质环境和监测配置的潜力。

{"title":"Uncertainty-aware neural networks with manual quality control for hydraulic fracturing downhole microseismic monitoring: From automated phase detection to robust source location","authors":"Yi-Lun Zhang , Zhi-Chao Yu , Chuan He","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.07.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.07.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Passive microseismic monitoring (PMM) serves as a fundamental technology for assessing hydraulic fracturing (HF) effectiveness, with a key focus on accurate and efficient phase detection/arrival picking and source location. In PMM data processing, the data-driven paradigm (deep learning based) outperforms the model-driven paradigm in characteristic extraction but lacks quality control and uncertainty quantification. Monte Carlo Dropout, a Bayesian uncertainty quantification technique, performs stochastic neuron deactivation through multiple forward propagation samplings. Therefore, this study proposes a deep learning neural network incorporating uncertainty quantification with manual quality control integration, establishing an optimized workflow spanning automated phase detection to robust source location. The methodology implementation comprises two principal components: (1) The MD-Net employing Monte Carlo Dropout strategy enabling simultaneous phase detection/arrival picking and uncertainty estimation; (2) an integrated hybrid-driven workflow with a traveltime-based inversion method for source location. Validation with field data demonstrates that MD-Net achieves superior performance under low signal-to-noise ratio conditions, maintaining detection accuracy exceeding 99% for both P- and S-waves. The phase arrival picking precision shows significant improvement, with a 40% reduction in standard deviation compared to the baseline model (P-S time difference decreasing from 12.0 ms to 7.1 ms), while providing quantifiable uncertainty metrics for manual calibration. Source location results further reveal that our hybrid-driven workflow produces more physically plausible event distributions, with 100% of microseismic events clustering along the primary fracture expanding direction. This performance surpasses traditional cross-correlation methods and single/multi-trace data-driven methods in spatial rationality. This study establishes an interpretable, high-precision automated framework for HF-PMM applications, demonstrating potential for extension to diverse geological settings and monitoring configurations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 11","pages":"Pages 4520-4537"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145698108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The formation mechanism of high-quality clastic rock reservoir controlled by coupling of “structure-lithofacies-fluid” in the foreland thrust belt in northern Kuqa, Tarim Basin, Northwestern China 塔里木盆地库车北部前陆冲断带“构造-岩相-流体”耦合控制的优质碎屑岩储层形成机制

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.petsci.2025.08.004

Hao Wang , Ke-Lai Xi , Ying-Chang Cao , Xian-Zhang Yang , Ke-Yu Liu , Guo-Ding Yu , Nian-Min Zan , Yin Liu

The formation mechanisms of deep high-quality reservoirs in the Dibei area of Kuqa Depression foreland thrust belt were investigated through an integrated multidisciplinary approach combining petrographic analysis (thin section and cathodoluminescence microscopy), geochemical characterization (fluid inclusion microthermometry, stable isotope analysis) and structural modeling (2D finite element simulation). Systematic analysis reveals that the Ahe Formation reservoirs exhibit superior storage capacity characterized by: (1) high fracture density (0–8 m⁻¹, based on imaging log interpretation and core analysis), (2) intensive feldspar dissolution (resulting in up to 5% porosity enhancement, derived from thin section point counting-derived), and (3) limited authigenic clay mineral content (<3 vol%, thin section point counting-derived). Reservoir heterogeneity is mechanistically controlled by structural-lithofacies-fluid interactions, with optimal reservoir development occurring in sandstone-mudstone interbeds of back thrust structures. These units display composite pore networks composed of dissolution pores (50–500 μm) interconnected by shear-induced microfractures (aperture: 5–15 μm). Two-dimensional finite element simulations demonstrate that differential deformation between ductile lithofacies (mudstones and coals) and brittle sandstones promotes fracture proliferation in interbedded sequences, with increasing fracture density by 40%–60% compared to massive sandstone units. Organic acid migration induces LREE-MREE enrichment in calcite and kaolinite, coupled with depleted δ¹³C (−15.2‰ to −9‰) and δD (−96.8‰ to −84.1‰) values, indicative of redox-driven diagenetic alteration. Open fracture networks in shear-tension zones (mid-upper sections of back thrust structures) provide effective migration pathways for organic acids, establishing localized open geochemical systems that drive feldspar dissolution while inhibiting authigenic clay precipitation (kaolinite <0.5 vol%, illite <1 vol%). Conversely, weakly deformed opposing thrust structures in compression-dominated regimes exhibit reduced fracture connectivity (aperture <5 μm), limited dissolution (dissolution porosity <3%), and pervasive pore-filling cements (authigenic quartz >1 vol%, kaolinite >1 vol%), collectively degrading reservoir quality.

通过岩石学分析（薄片和阴极发光显微镜）、地球化学表征（流体包裹体显微测温、稳定同位素分析）和构造建模（二维有限元模拟）相结合的多学科综合方法，对库车坳陷前陆冲断带地北地区深部优质储层形成机制进行了研究。系统分析表明，阿河组储层具有较好的储层能力，其特征为：(1)裂缝密度高（根据成像测井解释和岩心分析，裂缝密度为0-8 m−1），(2)长石溶蚀强烈（根据薄片点位计算，孔隙度增加5%），(3)自生粘土矿物含量有限（根据薄片点位计算，孔隙度增加3 vol%）。储层非均质性受构造-岩相-流体相互作用的机制控制，最佳储层发育发生在逆冲构造的砂岩-泥岩互层。这些单元显示出由剪切诱导的微裂缝（孔径为5-15 μm）相互连接的溶解孔（50-500 μm）组成的复合孔隙网络。二维有限元模拟表明，韧性岩相（泥岩和煤）和脆性砂岩的不同变形促进了互层序中裂缝的扩展，裂缝密度比块状砂岩单元增加了40%-60%。有机酸运移导致方解石和高岭石中LREE-MREE富集，δ13C值（- 15.2‰~ - 9‰）和δD值（- 96.8‰~ - 84.1‰）下降，显示氧化还原驱动的成岩蚀变。剪切张拉带（逆冲构造中上段）的开放裂缝网络为有机酸提供了有效的运移通道，建立了局部开放的地球化学系统，促进长石溶解，同时抑制自生粘土的沉积（高岭石0.5 vol%，伊利石1 vol%）。相反，在挤压主导下，弱变形的逆冲构造表现为裂缝连通性降低（孔径为5 μm），溶蚀作用有限（溶蚀孔隙度为3%），孔隙充填胶结物普遍存在（自生石英和高岭石分别占1 vol%和1 vol%），共同降低了储层质量。

{"title":"The formation mechanism of high-quality clastic rock reservoir controlled by coupling of “structure-lithofacies-fluid” in the foreland thrust belt in northern Kuqa, Tarim Basin, Northwestern China","authors":"Hao Wang , Ke-Lai Xi , Ying-Chang Cao , Xian-Zhang Yang , Ke-Yu Liu , Guo-Ding Yu , Nian-Min Zan , Yin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The formation mechanisms of deep high-quality reservoirs in the Dibei area of Kuqa Depression foreland thrust belt were investigated through an integrated multidisciplinary approach combining petrographic analysis (thin section and cathodoluminescence microscopy), geochemical characterization (fluid inclusion microthermometry, stable isotope analysis) and structural modeling (2D finite element simulation). Systematic analysis reveals that the Ahe Formation reservoirs exhibit superior storage capacity characterized by: (1) high fracture density (0–8 m<sup>−1</sup>, based on imaging log interpretation and core analysis), (2) intensive feldspar dissolution (resulting in up to 5% porosity enhancement, derived from thin section point counting-derived), and (3) limited authigenic clay mineral content (<3 vol%, thin section point counting-derived). Reservoir heterogeneity is mechanistically controlled by structural-lithofacies-fluid interactions, with optimal reservoir development occurring in sandstone-mudstone interbeds of back thrust structures. These units display composite pore networks composed of dissolution pores (50–500 μm) interconnected by shear-induced microfractures (aperture: 5–15 μm). Two-dimensional finite element simulations demonstrate that differential deformation between ductile lithofacies (mudstones and coals) and brittle sandstones promotes fracture proliferation in interbedded sequences, with increasing fracture density by 40%–60% compared to massive sandstone units. Organic acid migration induces LREE-MREE enrichment in calcite and kaolinite, coupled with depleted <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C (−15.2‰ to −9‰) and <em>δ</em>D (−96.8‰ to −84.1‰) values, indicative of redox-driven diagenetic alteration. Open fracture networks in shear-tension zones (mid-upper sections of back thrust structures) provide effective migration pathways for organic acids, establishing localized open geochemical systems that drive feldspar dissolution while inhibiting authigenic clay precipitation (kaolinite <0.5 vol%, illite <1 vol%). Conversely, weakly deformed opposing thrust structures in compression-dominated regimes exhibit reduced fracture connectivity (aperture <5 μm), limited dissolution (dissolution porosity <3%), and pervasive pore-filling cements (authigenic quartz >1 vol%, kaolinite >1 vol%), collectively degrading reservoir quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 11","pages":"Pages 4357-4380"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145697805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Self-sealing control principle and technology of in-situ temperature pressure preserved coring for deep oil and gas 深层油气就地保温保压取心自密封控制原理与技术

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.petsci.2025.08.012

Xiao-Jun Shi , Cong Li , Jia-Nan Li , Zhi-Qiang He , Bo Yu , Ya-Chen Xie , He-Ping Xie

Accurately evaluating the quality and scale of deep oil and gas reservoirs is the key to effectively exploring and developing deep oil and gas resources. Changes in temperature and pressure can cause significant variations in key reservoir quality parameters, such as porosity, permeability, and saturation, leading to distortions in oil and gas reserve assessments. To addresses the technical bottleneck of the existing pressure-preserved coring systems, which has a pressure-preserved capacity not exceed 70 MPa due to the limitations of small coring space, a complex coring environment, significant disturbance during the coring process, and the difficulty in controlling coring operations, a self-sealing control principle and method for pressure-preserved coring was proposed. The sealing structural parameters of the pressure-preserved controller (PPC) under high temperature (150 °C) were optimized through experiments and numerical simulations, the sealing failure mechanism was thoroughly revealed, and the pressure-preserved capacity of the PPC under high temperature was enhanced from 100 to 140 MPa. In addition, to achieve the temperature preservation of the core in the deep oil and gas environment, a temperature preservation system combining active and passive temperature preservation was designed and integrated into the deep oil and gas in-situ temperature pressure preserved (ITPP) coring system. Finally, the coring function and temperature pressure preserved capacity of the ITPP coring system were verified through field and laboratory tests. The results show that the developed ITPP coring system can successfully achieve the temperature pressure preserved function, and can sample oil and gas-bearing core samples with a diameter of 50 mm and a maximum length of 1000 mm from wells up to 5000 m. This study addresses the urgent need for reliable and effective pressure-preservation in deep oil and gas exploration.

准确评价深部油气藏的质量和规模是有效勘探和开发深部油气资源的关键。温度和压力的变化会导致关键储层质量参数（如孔隙度、渗透率和饱和度）发生显著变化，从而导致油气储量评估失真。针对现有保压取心系统受取心空间小、取心环境复杂、取心过程扰动大、取心过程控制困难等限制，保压取心能力不超过70 MPa的技术瓶颈，提出了一种保压取心的自密封控制原理和方法。通过实验和数值模拟对高温（150℃）下保压控制器（PPC）的密封结构参数进行了优化，彻底揭示了密封失效机理，将PPC的高温保压能力从100 MPa提高到140 MPa。此外，为实现深部油气环境下岩心的保温，设计了主动保温与被动保温相结合的保温系统，并将其集成到深部油气原位保温压取心系统中。最后，通过现场和室内试验验证了ITPP取心系统的取心功能和保温保压能力。结果表明：所开发的ITPP取心系统能够成功实现保温保压功能，并能从5000 m深的井中取样直径为50 mm、最大长度为1000 mm的含油气岩心样品。该研究解决了深部油气勘探中可靠有效保压的迫切需求。

{"title":"Self-sealing control principle and technology of in-situ temperature pressure preserved coring for deep oil and gas","authors":"Xiao-Jun Shi , Cong Li , Jia-Nan Li , Zhi-Qiang He , Bo Yu , Ya-Chen Xie , He-Ping Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.08.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately evaluating the quality and scale of deep oil and gas reservoirs is the key to effectively exploring and developing deep oil and gas resources. Changes in temperature and pressure can cause significant variations in key reservoir quality parameters, such as porosity, permeability, and saturation, leading to distortions in oil and gas reserve assessments. To addresses the technical bottleneck of the existing pressure-preserved coring systems, which has a pressure-preserved capacity not exceed 70 MPa due to the limitations of small coring space, a complex coring environment, significant disturbance during the coring process, and the difficulty in controlling coring operations, a self-sealing control principle and method for pressure-preserved coring was proposed. The sealing structural parameters of the pressure-preserved controller (PPC) under high temperature (150 °C) were optimized through experiments and numerical simulations, the sealing failure mechanism was thoroughly revealed, and the pressure-preserved capacity of the PPC under high temperature was enhanced from 100 to 140 MPa. In addition, to achieve the temperature preservation of the core in the deep oil and gas environment, a temperature preservation system combining active and passive temperature preservation was designed and integrated into the deep oil and gas in-situ temperature pressure preserved (ITPP) coring system. Finally, the coring function and temperature pressure preserved capacity of the ITPP coring system were verified through field and laboratory tests. The results show that the developed ITPP coring system can successfully achieve the temperature pressure preserved function, and can sample oil and gas-bearing core samples with a diameter of 50 mm and a maximum length of 1000 mm from wells up to 5000 m. This study addresses the urgent need for reliable and effective pressure-preservation in deep oil and gas exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 11","pages":"Pages 4584-4602"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145697933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Processing capacity allocation of multiple production system for gas field multi-stage development 气田多级开发多采系统处理能力分配

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.petsci.2025.09.036

Bing-Yuan Hong , Zhi-Wei Chen , Hai-Feng Chen , Meng-Xi Zhou , Jing Gong , Yu-Peng Xu , Zhen-Yu Zhu , Xiao-Ping Li

The multi-stage development strategy is often adopted in the gas field. However, when the productivity decline occurs, many large processing stations will be severely idle and underutilized, significantly reducing operating efficiency and revenue. This study proposes a novel operation mode of multiple gathering production systems for gas field multi-stage development, integrating the decisions about processing capacity allocation and infrastructure construction to share processing stations and improve multi-system operating efficiency. A multi-period mixed integer linear programming model for multi-system operation optimization is established to optimize the Net present value (NPV), considering the production of gas wells, time-varying gas prices, and the capacity of processing stations. The decision of processing capacity, location, construction timing, and capacity expansion of processing stations, as well as transmission capacity of pipelines and processing capacity allocation schemes, can be obtained to meet long-term production demand. Furthermore, a real case study indicates that the proposed processing capacity allocation approach not only has a shorter payback period and increases NPV by 4.8%, but also increases the utilization efficiency of processing stations from 27.37% to 48.94%. This work demonstrates that the synergy between the processing capacity allocation and infrastructure construction can hedge against production fluctuations and increase potential profits.

气田开发通常采用多级开发策略。然而，当生产率下降时，许多大型加工站将严重闲置和未充分利用，大大降低了运营效率和收入。提出了气田多级开发的多集采系统运行模式，将处理能力分配决策与基础设施建设决策相结合，实现处理站共享，提高多系统运行效率。考虑气井产量、时变天然气价格和加气站产能，建立了多周期混合整数线性规划模型，对多系统运行优化的净现值进行优化。可以得到处理站的处理能力、位置、建设时间和扩容能力的决策，以及管道输送能力和处理能力分配方案，以满足长期生产需求。实例分析表明，该方法不仅投资回收期短，净现值提高4.8%，而且将加工站的利用效率从27.37%提高到48.94%。研究表明，加工能力配置与基础设施建设之间的协同效应可以对冲生产波动，增加潜在利润。

{"title":"Processing capacity allocation of multiple production system for gas field multi-stage development","authors":"Bing-Yuan Hong , Zhi-Wei Chen , Hai-Feng Chen , Meng-Xi Zhou , Jing Gong , Yu-Peng Xu , Zhen-Yu Zhu , Xiao-Ping Li","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.09.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.09.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The multi-stage development strategy is often adopted in the gas field. However, when the productivity decline occurs, many large processing stations will be severely idle and underutilized, significantly reducing operating efficiency and revenue. This study proposes a novel operation mode of multiple gathering production systems for gas field multi-stage development, integrating the decisions about processing capacity allocation and infrastructure construction to share processing stations and improve multi-system operating efficiency. A multi-period mixed integer linear programming model for multi-system operation optimization is established to optimize the Net present value (NPV), considering the production of gas wells, time-varying gas prices, and the capacity of processing stations. The decision of processing capacity, location, construction timing, and capacity expansion of processing stations, as well as transmission capacity of pipelines and processing capacity allocation schemes, can be obtained to meet long-term production demand. Furthermore, a real case study indicates that the proposed processing capacity allocation approach not only has a shorter payback period and increases NPV by 4.8%, but also increases the utilization efficiency of processing stations from 27.37% to 48.94%. This work demonstrates that the synergy between the processing capacity allocation and infrastructure construction can hedge against production fluctuations and increase potential profits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 11","pages":"Pages 4766-4780"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145698020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Terrestrial paleoenvironmental response of Early Eocene Climate Optimum: Implications for organic matter enrichment in the South China Sea 早始新世气候适宜期的陆地古环境响应：对南海有机质富集的启示

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.petsci.2025.08.005

Jing Guo , Guang-Rong Peng , Fu-Jie Jiang , Yu-Qi Wu , Hong-Bo Li , Ya-Qi Li , Xin-Wei Qiu , Jun-Jie Cai , Fu-Sheng Yu , Xin Chen , Biao Jiang , Li-Shan Tang

The Early Eocene Climate Optimum (EECO) represents the peak of the early Paleogene greenhouse climate. However, a comprehensive understanding of the terrestrial paleoenvironmental response to the EECO and its implications for organic matter (OM) enrichment remains lacking. We integrated sedimentological, astrochronological, and geochemical data from South China Sea sediments to reconstruct the paleoenvironment and establish the OM enrichment model during the EECO. Astronomical time scales (ATS) for the Lower Wenchang Formation (Lower WC Fm.) in the Kaiping Sag, South China Sea, were established, spanning 55.4 to 43.9 Ma. During 51.5–48.7 Ma, records of astronomical signal (with overlapping cycles of 2.4 Ma, 1.2 Ma, and 405 kyr), stratigraphy (organic-rich mudstone), and paleoclimatic reconstructions (warm and humid climate) provided convincing evidence for the EECO in Kaiping Sag. This study presented the first detailed record of the terrestrial paleoenvironment response to the EECO in the South China Sea, characterized by high terrestrial input, anoxia water conditions, and elevated paleo productivity. A transient pre-warming event before the EECO exhibited a similar paleoenvironmental response, highlighting the sensitivity of terrestrial records. Post-EECO conditions showed a reversal of paleoenvironmental trends observed during the EECO. Pearson correlation analysis reveals that the EECO influenced OM enrichment by regulating paleo productivity and preservation conditions of lake. Elevated atmospheric pCO₂ levels and increased terrestrial input promoted algal blooms, thereby enhancing lake productivity. OM preservation was controlled by water column stratification and bottom water anoxia, driven by increased terrestrial input and rising lake levels. Our findings enhance the understanding of feedback mechanisms in terrestrial environments during global warming and provide insights into future climate change predictions.

早始新世气候适宜期（EECO）代表了早古近纪温室气候的高峰。然而，对于陆相古环境对EECO的响应及其对有机质富集的影响，目前还缺乏全面的认识。综合沉积学、星年代学和地球化学资料，重建了南海古环境，建立了EECO时期OM富集模式。建立了南海开平凹陷文昌组下段（下WC组）55.4 ~ 43.9 Ma的天文时间尺度（ATS）。51.5 ~ 48.7 Ma的天文信号（2.4 Ma、1.2 Ma和405 kyr重叠旋回）、地层（富有机质泥岩）和古气候重建（温暖湿润气候）为开平凹陷EECO的形成提供了有力的证据。本研究首次详细记录了南海陆相古环境对EECO的响应，表现为高陆相输入、缺氧水体条件和高古生产力。EECO之前的短暂变暖前事件表现出类似的古环境响应，突出了陆地记录的敏感性。EECO后的古环境变化趋势与EECO期间相反。Pearson相关分析表明，EECO通过调节湖泊的古生产力和保存条件来影响OM的富集。大气二氧化碳分压水平升高和陆地输入增加促进了藻华，从而提高了湖泊生产力。有机质保存受水柱分层和底水缺氧控制，受陆地输入增加和湖泊水位上升驱动。我们的发现增强了对全球变暖期间陆地环境反馈机制的理解，并为未来气候变化预测提供了见解。

{"title":"Terrestrial paleoenvironmental response of Early Eocene Climate Optimum: Implications for organic matter enrichment in the South China Sea","authors":"Jing Guo , Guang-Rong Peng , Fu-Jie Jiang , Yu-Qi Wu , Hong-Bo Li , Ya-Qi Li , Xin-Wei Qiu , Jun-Jie Cai , Fu-Sheng Yu , Xin Chen , Biao Jiang , Li-Shan Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Early Eocene Climate Optimum (EECO) represents the peak of the early Paleogene greenhouse climate. However, a comprehensive understanding of the terrestrial paleoenvironmental response to the EECO and its implications for organic matter (OM) enrichment remains lacking. We integrated sedimentological, astrochronological, and geochemical data from South China Sea sediments to reconstruct the paleoenvironment and establish the OM enrichment model during the EECO. Astronomical time scales (ATS) for the Lower Wenchang Formation (Lower WC Fm.) in the Kaiping Sag, South China Sea, were established, spanning 55.4 to 43.9 Ma. During 51.5–48.7 Ma, records of astronomical signal (with overlapping cycles of 2.4 Ma, 1.2 Ma, and 405 kyr), stratigraphy (organic-rich mudstone), and paleoclimatic reconstructions (warm and humid climate) provided convincing evidence for the EECO in Kaiping Sag. This study presented the first detailed record of the terrestrial paleoenvironment response to the EECO in the South China Sea, characterized by high terrestrial input, anoxia water conditions, and elevated paleo productivity. A transient pre-warming event before the EECO exhibited a similar paleoenvironmental response, highlighting the sensitivity of terrestrial records. Post-EECO conditions showed a reversal of paleoenvironmental trends observed during the EECO. Pearson correlation analysis reveals that the EECO influenced OM enrichment by regulating paleo productivity and preservation conditions of lake. Elevated atmospheric <em>p</em>CO<sub>2</sub> levels and increased terrestrial input promoted algal blooms, thereby enhancing lake productivity. OM preservation was controlled by water column stratification and bottom water anoxia, driven by increased terrestrial input and rising lake levels. Our findings enhance the understanding of feedback mechanisms in terrestrial environments during global warming and provide insights into future climate change predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 11","pages":"Pages 4394-4411"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145697807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Control of fault transport ability on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in the No. 4 structural zone of Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China 渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷4号构造带断裂输运能力对油气运聚的控制

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS

Petroleum Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.petsci.2025.08.024

Xiao-Fei Fu , Ming-Xing Fan , Hai-Xue Wang , Ru Jia , Xian-Qiang Song , Ye-Jun Jin

The ability of faults to transport oil and gas is affected by multiple geological factors, and the effects of various factors on oil and gas migration and accumulation are complex. In this study, based on the drilling and three-dimensional seismic data in the No. 4 structural zone of the Nanpu Sag and by considering the effects of fault throw, caprock thickness, shale content, fluid pressure, stress normal to the fault plane, and brittleness, we employed fault transport index (FTI) to quantitatively characterize the vertical transport ability of regional faults. Through statistical analysis, fault transport probability (N_p) was used to characterize the relationship between FTI and the vertical hydrocarbon content in the formations. The results show that the faults with FTI less than 0.75 cannot transport oil and gas, while those with FTI greater than 2.5 are able to transport oil and gas. Specifically, when FTI is between 0.75 and 2.5, there is a functional relationship between the probability of faults transporting hydrocarbons and FTI. The current oil and water distribution and paleo oil reservoir test results indicate that there are oil layers or paleo oil reservoirs in horizons with large N_p. Therefore, FTI can be used as an effective coefficient to indicate the vertical migration paths and accumulation spots of hydrocarbons moving along faults, providing an essential reference for further oil and gas exploration and development.

断层输导油气的能力受到多种地质因素的影响，各种因素对油气运聚的影响是复杂的。本文以南堡凹陷4号构造带的钻井和三维地震资料为基础，综合考虑断层落差、盖层厚度、页岩含量、流体压力、断面正应力和脆性等因素的影响，采用断层输送指数（FTI）定量表征区域断层的垂直输送能力。通过统计分析，利用断层输运概率（Np）表征地层垂直含油量与FTI的关系。结果表明：FTI < 0.75的断层不能输运油气，而FTI > 2.5的断层具有输运油气的能力；其中，当FTI在0.75 ~ 2.5之间时，断层输烃概率与FTI之间存在函数关系。目前油水分布和古油藏试验结果表明，大Np层位存在油层或古油藏。因此，FTI可以作为指示油气沿断层运动的垂向运移路径和聚集点的有效系数，为进一步的油气勘探开发提供重要参考。

{"title":"Control of fault transport ability on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in the No. 4 structural zone of Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China","authors":"Xiao-Fei Fu , Ming-Xing Fan , Hai-Xue Wang , Ru Jia , Xian-Qiang Song , Ye-Jun Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.08.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2025.08.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ability of faults to transport oil and gas is affected by multiple geological factors, and the effects of various factors on oil and gas migration and accumulation are complex. In this study, based on the drilling and three-dimensional seismic data in the No. 4 structural zone of the Nanpu Sag and by considering the effects of fault throw, caprock thickness, shale content, fluid pressure, stress normal to the fault plane, and brittleness, we employed fault transport index (FTI) to quantitatively characterize the vertical transport ability of regional faults. Through statistical analysis, fault transport probability (<em>N</em><sub>p</sub>) was used to characterize the relationship between FTI and the vertical hydrocarbon content in the formations. The results show that the faults with FTI less than 0.75 cannot transport oil and gas, while those with FTI greater than 2.5 are able to transport oil and gas. Specifically, when FTI is between 0.75 and 2.5, there is a functional relationship between the probability of faults transporting hydrocarbons and FTI. The current oil and water distribution and paleo oil reservoir test results indicate that there are oil layers or paleo oil reservoirs in horizons with large <em>N</em><sub>p</sub>. Therefore, FTI can be used as an effective coefficient to indicate the vertical migration paths and accumulation spots of hydrocarbons moving along faults, providing an essential reference for further oil and gas exploration and development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 11","pages":"Pages 4412-4427"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145697917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0