Recent advances on supercapacitor electrode materials from biowastes- a review

As witnessed worldwide, there has been rapid growth in research and the creation of energy storage devices such as supercapacitor electrodes that can store and deliver energy at a speedy rate, and provide high currents in a short duration. This article deals with a review on how supercapacitor (SC) electrode materials get developed from bio-waste like cooked chicken bone waste (CCBW), chicken egg shells, fish gills, fishbone waste, and biodegradable and non-biodegradable marine wastes such as plastics, mangroves, chitosans, and mussel shells, which provide economic benefit for the substantiality of supercapacitor technology. The synthesis and preparation involved in the study include one step activation and colloidal blending processes. The characterization of the as-prepared materials is carried out by implementing XRD, FESEM, EDS, FT-IR, TGA, TEM, and RAMAN spectroscopy. It is visualized that electrode materials possess high carbon content with porosity leading to a greater specific surface area, which is essential for high conductance SC electrodes. Researche on electrochemical analysis of prepared electrodes from such marine waste materials using CV, GCD, and EIS techniques has been analyzed.