VECHUR COW: A BLESSING TO THE VETERINARY DOMAIN – A REVIEW

India is home to the world's largest population of cattle, and among the indigenous breeds in Kerala, Vechur (Bos indicus) stands out. Recognized for its medicinal value, the Bos indicus Vechur breed cow is classied as critically maintained by the Food and Agriculture Organization. Remarkably, it holds the distinction of being the smallest cow globally, standing at approximately 90 cm in height, while producing a comparatively high volume of milk compared to other breeds. Notably, the Vechur cow has low feed requirements and displays heightened resistance to diseases. The milk produced by Vechur cows is particularly noteworthy, characterized by a high proportion of small fat globules and saturated fatty acids. This unique composition renders the milk suitable for infants and individuals who are unwell. Renowned in the Ayurveda system of medicine, the milk is considered to possess medicinal properties. Despite these observed characteristics, the authenticity of traditional notions surrounding the Vechur cow, such as disease resistance and the medicinal properties of its milk, remains unproven with solid evidence. Designated as a critically maintained breed by the FAO, the Vechur cow is distinct within the Bos indicus category due to its exceptionally small size, minimal fodder requirements, adaptability, ease of domestication, and the traditional medicinal attributes of its milk. However, it is essential to note that many traditional beliefs associated with the Vechur cow, including disease resistance and the medicinal nature of its milk, are based on eld observations and lack robust scientic evidence. Consequently, the place of the Vechur cow in the livestock industry remains a subject of scrutiny and uncertainty. To further delve into the exploration of Vechur cows, an article has been crafted with the aim of enhancing our understanding and knowledge about these unique bovine creatures. The intention is to rephrase and expand upon existing information to offer a more comprehensive and insightful perspective on the subject.