通过热处理煤炭和生物质源材料(包括其废料)获得的炭和活性炭的结构和形态:ICCP 碳材料显微镜工作组的成果

IF 5.6 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS International Journal of Coal Geology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI:10.1016/j.coal.2024.104519
G. Predeanu , M. Wojtaszek-Kalaitzidi , I. Suárez Ruiz , M.N Bălănescu , A. Gómez Borrego , M.D. Ghiran , P.C. Hackley , S. Kalaitzidis , J. Kus , M. Mastalerz , M. Misz-Kennan , S. Pusz , S. Rodrigues , G. Siavalas , A. Varma , A. Zdravkov , D. Životić
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文介绍了对来自煤炭、煤炭副产品和生物质的炭和活性炭在碳化和活化过程中形成的岩相纹理的评估。这项工作代表了国际煤炭和有机岩石学委员会第三委员会碳材料显微镜工作组 2016 年至 2022 年期间的实验室间工作成果。实验室间工作是在显微照相样品上进行的。在碳材料的纹理表征方面,采用了美国材料试验协会(ASTM)现有的冶金焦炭分类系统。对 29 种碳材料的形态差异进行了评估,其中包括 22 种炭样品和 7 种使用传统直接/间接和微波加热技术通过实验获得的活性碳(AC)样品。这种方法为识别微孔碳以及特定热处理如何在原材料中形成特定光学纹理和结构提供了更广阔的视角。要求对碳材料进行的评估与碳材料的孔隙率、起源、范围和特性有关,而这些是每种碳材料所特有的。由于碳基质在热处理过程中会形成多种光学纹理,因此必须证明哪些碳现象将在以吸附现象为主的工业应用中发挥关键作用。实验间活动包括来自 14 个实验室的 17 名参与者,分发了四套数字黑白和彩色显微照片,共包含 184 个不同类型碳材料的区域。评估结果基于四个层面:(i) 光学纹理(各向同性/各向异性);(ii) 光学类型和尺寸(点状、镶嵌、纤维、带状、畴状);(iii) 形态(多孔、无孔/大孔);(iv) 颗粒来源(前驱体类型)。对总体一致程度平均值的比较分析表明,结果具有同质性,平均值为 89%,参加四次练习中至少三次练习的平均值最低为 87%,最高为 91%。
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Structure and morphology of chars and activated carbons obtained from thermal treatment of coal and biomass origin materials, including their wastes: Results from the ICCP Microscopy of Carbon Materials Working Group

This paper describes the evaluation of petrographic textures in char and activated carbon derived from coal, coal by-products and biomass, formed during carbonization and activation processes. This work represents the results of interlaboratory exercises from 2016 to 2022 of the Microscopy of Carbon Materials Working Group in Commission III of the International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology. The interlaboratory exercises were run on photomicrograph samples. For textural characterization of carbon materials, the existing American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) classification system for metallurgical coke was applied. Morphological differences were evaluated in 29 carbon material types, including 22 char samples, and 7 activated carbon (AC) samples obtained experimentally using conventional direct/indirect and microwave heating technologies. This approach gives an extended view on the identification of microporous carbons, and how a certain heat treatment develops a certain optical texture and structure in a raw material. The requested evaluation of carbon materials was related to their porosity, origin, extent, and characteristics, which are particular to each carbon material type. Because carbon matrices can form a wide range of optical textures during heat treatment it is important to demonstrate which carbon occurrences will have a crucial role in industrial applications dominated by adsorption phenomena.

The interlaboratory exercises included 17 participants from 14 laboratories. Four sets of digital black and white and colour photomicrographs were distributed, which in total comprised 184 fields of different types of carbon material. The results were evaluated based on four levels: (i) optical texture (isotropic/anisotropic), (ii) optical type and size (punctiform, mosaic, fiber, ribbon, domain), iii) morphology (porous, non-porous/massive), and (iv) particle origin (precursor type).

The statistical method applied to evaluate the results was based on “raw agreement indices”. Comparative analyses of the average values of the level of overall agreement showed homogeneity in the results, the mean value was 89%, with a minimum value of 87% and a maximum value of 91% for those who participated in at least three out of four exercises.

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来源期刊
International Journal of Coal Geology
International Journal of Coal Geology 工程技术-地球科学综合
CiteScore
11.00
自引率
14.30%
发文量
145
审稿时长
38 days
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Coal Geology deals with fundamental and applied aspects of the geology and petrology of coal, oil/gas source rocks and shale gas resources. The journal aims to advance the exploration, exploitation and utilization of these resources, and to stimulate environmental awareness as well as advancement of engineering for effective resource management.
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