G. Predeanu , M. Wojtaszek-Kalaitzidi , I. Suárez Ruiz , M.N Bălănescu , A. Gómez Borrego , M.D. Ghiran , P.C. Hackley , S. Kalaitzidis , J. Kus , M. Mastalerz , M. Misz-Kennan , S. Pusz , S. Rodrigues , G. Siavalas , A. Varma , A. Zdravkov , D. Životić
{"title":"通过热处理煤炭和生物质源材料(包括其废料)获得的炭和活性炭的结构和形态:ICCP 碳材料显微镜工作组的成果","authors":"G. Predeanu , M. Wojtaszek-Kalaitzidi , I. Suárez Ruiz , M.N Bălănescu , A. Gómez Borrego , M.D. Ghiran , P.C. Hackley , S. Kalaitzidis , J. Kus , M. Mastalerz , M. Misz-Kennan , S. Pusz , S. Rodrigues , G. Siavalas , A. Varma , A. Zdravkov , D. Životić","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2024.104519","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper describes the evaluation of petrographic textures in char and activated carbon derived from coal, coal by-products and biomass, formed during carbonization and activation processes. This work represents the results of interlaboratory exercises from 2016 to 2022 of the Microscopy of Carbon Materials Working Group in Commission III of the International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology. The interlaboratory exercises were run on photomicrograph samples. For textural characterization of carbon materials, the existing American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) classification system for metallurgical coke was applied. Morphological differences were evaluated in 29 carbon material types, including 22 char samples, and 7 activated carbon (AC) samples obtained experimentally using conventional direct/indirect and microwave heating technologies. This approach gives an extended view on the identification of microporous carbons, and how a certain heat treatment develops a certain optical texture and structure in a raw material. The requested evaluation of carbon materials was related to their porosity, origin, extent, and characteristics, which are particular to each carbon material type. Because carbon matrices can form a wide range of optical textures during heat treatment it is important to demonstrate which carbon occurrences will have a crucial role in industrial applications dominated by adsorption phenomena.</p><p>The interlaboratory exercises included 17 participants from 14 laboratories. Four sets of digital black and white and colour photomicrographs were distributed, which in total comprised 184 fields of different types of carbon material. The results were evaluated based on four levels: (i) optical texture (isotropic/anisotropic), (ii) optical type and size (punctiform, mosaic, fiber, ribbon, domain), iii) morphology (porous, non-porous/massive), and (iv) particle origin (precursor type).</p><p>The statistical method applied to evaluate the results was based on “raw agreement indices”. Comparative analyses of the average values of the level of overall agreement showed homogeneity in the results, the mean value was 89%, with a minimum value of 87% and a maximum value of 91% for those who participated in at least three out of four exercises.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13864,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Coal Geology","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 104519"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Structure and morphology of chars and activated carbons obtained from thermal treatment of coal and biomass origin materials, including their wastes: Results from the ICCP Microscopy of Carbon Materials Working Group\",\"authors\":\"G. Predeanu , M. Wojtaszek-Kalaitzidi , I. Suárez Ruiz , M.N Bălănescu , A. Gómez Borrego , M.D. Ghiran , P.C. Hackley , S. Kalaitzidis , J. Kus , M. Mastalerz , M. Misz-Kennan , S. Pusz , S. Rodrigues , G. Siavalas , A. Varma , A. Zdravkov , D. Životić\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.coal.2024.104519\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>This paper describes the evaluation of petrographic textures in char and activated carbon derived from coal, coal by-products and biomass, formed during carbonization and activation processes. This work represents the results of interlaboratory exercises from 2016 to 2022 of the Microscopy of Carbon Materials Working Group in Commission III of the International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology. The interlaboratory exercises were run on photomicrograph samples. For textural characterization of carbon materials, the existing American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) classification system for metallurgical coke was applied. Morphological differences were evaluated in 29 carbon material types, including 22 char samples, and 7 activated carbon (AC) samples obtained experimentally using conventional direct/indirect and microwave heating technologies. This approach gives an extended view on the identification of microporous carbons, and how a certain heat treatment develops a certain optical texture and structure in a raw material. The requested evaluation of carbon materials was related to their porosity, origin, extent, and characteristics, which are particular to each carbon material type. Because carbon matrices can form a wide range of optical textures during heat treatment it is important to demonstrate which carbon occurrences will have a crucial role in industrial applications dominated by adsorption phenomena.</p><p>The interlaboratory exercises included 17 participants from 14 laboratories. 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Structure and morphology of chars and activated carbons obtained from thermal treatment of coal and biomass origin materials, including their wastes: Results from the ICCP Microscopy of Carbon Materials Working Group
This paper describes the evaluation of petrographic textures in char and activated carbon derived from coal, coal by-products and biomass, formed during carbonization and activation processes. This work represents the results of interlaboratory exercises from 2016 to 2022 of the Microscopy of Carbon Materials Working Group in Commission III of the International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology. The interlaboratory exercises were run on photomicrograph samples. For textural characterization of carbon materials, the existing American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) classification system for metallurgical coke was applied. Morphological differences were evaluated in 29 carbon material types, including 22 char samples, and 7 activated carbon (AC) samples obtained experimentally using conventional direct/indirect and microwave heating technologies. This approach gives an extended view on the identification of microporous carbons, and how a certain heat treatment develops a certain optical texture and structure in a raw material. The requested evaluation of carbon materials was related to their porosity, origin, extent, and characteristics, which are particular to each carbon material type. Because carbon matrices can form a wide range of optical textures during heat treatment it is important to demonstrate which carbon occurrences will have a crucial role in industrial applications dominated by adsorption phenomena.
The interlaboratory exercises included 17 participants from 14 laboratories. Four sets of digital black and white and colour photomicrographs were distributed, which in total comprised 184 fields of different types of carbon material. The results were evaluated based on four levels: (i) optical texture (isotropic/anisotropic), (ii) optical type and size (punctiform, mosaic, fiber, ribbon, domain), iii) morphology (porous, non-porous/massive), and (iv) particle origin (precursor type).
The statistical method applied to evaluate the results was based on “raw agreement indices”. Comparative analyses of the average values of the level of overall agreement showed homogeneity in the results, the mean value was 89%, with a minimum value of 87% and a maximum value of 91% for those who participated in at least three out of four exercises.
期刊介绍:
The International Journal of Coal Geology deals with fundamental and applied aspects of the geology and petrology of coal, oil/gas source rocks and shale gas resources. The journal aims to advance the exploration, exploitation and utilization of these resources, and to stimulate environmental awareness as well as advancement of engineering for effective resource management.