Geopolymerization of non-metallic fractions of electronic waste: A sustainable disposal strategy?

The discarded electrical equipment has become the leading waste problem worldwide. The safe and sustainable disposal of electronic waste (e-waste) is challenging because it is composed of both hazardous and non-hazardous substances. Concurrently, geopolymers offer multifaceted benefits and have potential applications, particularly in the realm of building materials. Drawing inspiration from these circumstances, this article delves into the possibility of using non-metallic fractions of e-waste—such as plastic (e-plastic) and glass (e-glass)—as aggregates or/and precursors in geopolymer production. The characteristics of these e-waste components, their suitability for incorporation, and the rationale behind their selection form a focal point of this article. The literature suggests that incorporating less than 50% of e-waste fractions to produce geopolymers exhibits adequate compressive strength to fabricate at least medium-grade construction materials. However, more experimental investigations are required in this domain to explore and optimize the utilization of such composites in various applications in the construction industry.