Evaluation of seismicity and seismotectonics in the Alborz Mountains: insights from seismic parameters, Northern Iran

The Alborz Mountains are among the areas exhibiting high tectonic and seismic activity in northern Iran. Studying key parameters of tectonic structures, including quantitative analysis and observational studies, in such active regions is essential to identify potential active faults and assess the consequent seismic hazards. This study focuses on seismicity and seismotectonics by analyzing seismic parameters, including b-value, mean seismic activity rate, earthquake recurrence time, seismic moment, and fractal dimension derived from micro and teleseismic data. The b-values vary between 0.6 and 1.1 in the tectonically active parts of the study area, corresponding with the reverse/thrust and strike-slip active faults. Large earthquakes might be prone to occur at 10–25 km depth because both catalogues show low b-values (b < 1.0) concentrations at this depth range. The high fractal dimension (> 1.5), high seismic activity rate, large seismic moment parameters, and its continuously increasing trend. Short recurrence periods (20–50 years) of M 6.5 events also emphasize the high seismic activity and high seismic hazard. On the other hand, the prevalence of low b-values is notably observed in areas encompassing densely populated cities such as Rasht, Lahijan, Amol, Babol, Sari, Behshahr, Gorgan, and the megacity of Tehran. Furthermore, we have identified asperities where the Gorgan Plain, the Khazar, and the Alamutrud Fault Zones are located. These findings emphasize the seismic hazard potential in the identified areas and urban centers within the study area. Therefore, particular attention should be directed towards areas exhibiting low b-values when assessing and mitigating seismic hazards. It underscores the necessity for additional focus on seismic hazard assessment and implementation of mitigation strategies in the Alborz region.