日本野生鸟类康复设施中禽类传染病病媒蚊子的物种组成和取食行为。

IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Journal of Wildlife Diseases Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI:10.7589/JWD-D-23-00142
Mizue Inumaru, Nana Matsumoto, Yoshiki Nakano, Tatsuo Sato, Yoshio Tsuda, Yukita Sato
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引用次数: 0

摘要

尽管野生鸟类康复设施对保护野生物种非常重要,但个体可能会被长期饲养在设施内,因此会造成鸟类感染它们自然不会接触到的病原体的风险。反过来,新型病原体也可能通过获救的迁徙物种传入。禽疟疾和西尼罗河热是由蚊子传播的重要禽类疾病。为了了解这类疾病在康复设施中的传播动态,我们对病媒蚊子的生态学进行了探索,包括物种组成、季节性和摄食行为。从2019年到2020年,研究人员在日本的一个野鸟康复设施和野生动物保护区使用吸嘴器、扫网和灯光诱捕器收集蚊子。共捕获了6个种类的2819只蚊子,它们都是鸟类疾病的潜在传播媒介。主要的蚊种是淡色喙库蚊(Culex pipiens pallens)和喙库蚊(Cx.不同采样地点的蚊子密度和季节性不同,这可能是由于蚊子行为的差异,包括摄食偏好和对气候因素的反应。吸血库蚊只以鸟类为食,许多蚊子种类被认为以设施内的鸟类为食。特别是蜱蚊,它们可能同时取食被救鸟类和自由生活的鸟类。康复设施可能是病原体传入和传播的重要场所,因为 1) 大量蚊子栖息在医院及其周围;2) 在医院内捕获以血为食的蚊子;3) 鸟类和蚊子之间有直接接触;4) 医院内的鸟类和野生鸟类都以其为食。此外,在冬季也观察到以血为食的疟蚊,这表明即使在其他蚊子种类不活跃的冬季,病原体也可能传播。
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Species Composition and Feeding Behaviors of Vector Mosquitoes of Avian Infectious Diseases at a Wild Bird Rehabilitation Facility in Japan.

Although wild bird rehabilitation facilities are important for the conservation of wild species, individuals may be kept within the facilities for long periods, consequently posing a risk for the bird to be infected with pathogens to which they are not naturally exposed. In turn, novel pathogens may be introduced through rescued migratory species. Avian malaria and West Nile fever are important avian diseases transmitted by mosquitoes. To understand the transmission dynamics of such diseases at rehabilitation facilities, the ecology of vector mosquitoes, including species composition, seasonality, and feeding behaviors, were explored. Mosquitoes were collected at a wild bird rehabilitation facility and wildlife sanctuary in Japan from 2019 to 2020 using mouth aspirators, sweep nets, and light traps. A total of 2,819 mosquitoes of 6 species were captured, all of which are potential vectors of avian diseases. Culex pipiens pallens and Cx. pipiens form molestus were the dominant species (82.9% of all collected mosquitoes). Density and seasonality differed between sampling locations, presumably because of differences in mosquito behaviors including feeding preferences and responses to climatic factors. Blood-fed Culex mosquitoes fed solely on birds, and many mosquito species are thought to have fed on birds within the facility. Particularly, Cx. pipiens group probably fed on both rescued and free-living birds. The rehabilitation facility may be an important site for the introduction and spread of pathogens because 1) numerous mosquitoes inhabit the hospital and its surroundings; 2) blood-fed mosquitoes are caught within the hospital; 3) there is direct contact between birds and mosquitoes; 4) both birds within the hospital and wild birds are fed upon. Furthermore, blood-fed Cx. pipiens form molestus were observed in the winter, suggesting that pathogens might be transmitted even during the winter when other mosquito species are inactive.

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来源期刊
Journal of Wildlife Diseases
Journal of Wildlife Diseases 农林科学-兽医学
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
213
审稿时长
6-16 weeks
期刊介绍: The JWD publishes reports of wildlife disease investigations, research papers, brief research notes, case and epizootic reports, review articles, and book reviews. The JWD publishes the results of original research and observations dealing with all aspects of infectious, parasitic, toxic, nutritional, physiologic, developmental and neoplastic diseases, environmental contamination, and other factors impinging on the health and survival of free-living or occasionally captive populations of wild animals, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Papers on zoonoses involving wildlife and on chemical immobilization of wild animals are also published. Manuscripts dealing with surveys and case reports may be published in the Journal provided that they contain significant new information or have significance for better understanding health and disease in wild populations. Authors are encouraged to address the wildlife management implications of their studies, where appropriate.
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