重新审视背景问题:超越资源模式

IF 1.4 2区 哲学 Q1 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI:10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.05.012
Samara Greenwood
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引用次数: 0

摘要

语境问题探讨的是社会条件与科学之间的关系,在科学史、科学哲学和科学社会学中有着悠久而有争议的传统。虽然近年来这一问题很少受到明确关注,但当代有两种立场依然明显。第一种是资源模式,该模式试图通过否认背景的影响来维持科学家的自主性,将背景的作用限制在提供 "新输入 "库上。其次是情境塑造立场,该立场承认社会条件对科学的影响,但在概念上仍然模糊,在理论上也未得到发展。本文认为,在当前的学科条件下,语境问题值得重新关注。在本文中,我首先回顾了自 20 世纪 30 年代以来这一争论的历史,并强调了继续阻碍对这一问题进行公开研究的几种焦虑。在回顾历史之后,我对资源模式进行了批判,并评估了语境塑造立场的可能性和不足之处。通过探讨过去和现在的观点,我的目标是坚定地超越资源模式所体现的狭隘的语境论述。相反,我提出了一个新的研究计划,将丰富的实证研究与同样丰富的理论工作相结合,旨在开发能够更好地捕捉情境-科学关系中显而易见的多重复杂性的概念工具。
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The problem of context revisited: Moving beyond the resources model

The problem of context, which explores relations between societal conditions and science, has a long and contentious tradition in the history, philosophy, and sociology of science. While the problem has received little explicit attention in recent years, two contemporary positions remain evident. First is the resources model, which seeks to maintain the autonomy of scientists by denying contextual influence, restricting the role of contexts to providing a pool of ‘novel inputs’. Second is the contextual shaping position which recognizes that societal conditions influence science but remains conceptually vague and theoretically undeveloped. This paper argues, given current disciplinary conditions, the problem of context deserves renewed attention. In this paper I first review the history of the debate from the 1930s, highlighting several anxieties that continue to hamper the open study of the problem. After this historical review, I provide a critique of the resources model and assess the possibilities and shortfalls of the contextual shaping position. By addressing past and present perspectives, my goal is to move firmly beyond narrow accounts of context, as exemplified by the resources model. Instead, I propose a renewed program of research in which rich empirical studies are combined with equally rich theoretical work directed toward developing conceptual tools better able to capture the multiple intricacies evident in context-science relations.

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来源期刊
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 管理科学-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
2.50
自引率
10.00%
发文量
166
审稿时长
6.6 weeks
期刊介绍: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science is devoted to the integrated study of the history, philosophy and sociology of the sciences. The editors encourage contributions both in the long-established areas of the history of the sciences and the philosophy of the sciences and in the topical areas of historiography of the sciences, the sciences in relation to gender, culture and society and the sciences in relation to arts. The Journal is international in scope and content and publishes papers from a wide range of countries and cultural traditions.
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