COVID-19 期间限制公共卫生权力的司法判决:对公共卫生决策的影响。

IF 8.6 1区 医学 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Health Affairs Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-22 DOI:10.1377/hlthaff.2024.00073
Michelle M Mello, David H Jiang, Wendy E Parmet
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在美国,公共卫生法律权力日益受到来自法院的压力。在 COVID-19 大流行期间,个人和组织成功挑战了许多社区缓解令(例如,口罩强制要求、疫苗接种强制要求和集会限制),这表明了疾病控制措施在法律上的脆弱性。通过分析 2020 年 3 月至 2023 年 3 月期间原告胜诉的 112 项司法判决,我们研究了 COVID-19 大流行期间法院限制公共卫生权力的方式。我们发现,在这 112 项判决中,法院转变了分析宗教自由诉求的方式,并以新颖的方式审查了对卫生官员行使法定权力的质疑。我们讨论了未来公共卫生政策的影响,并就立法机构和卫生官员如何设计政策以最大限度地应对法律挑战提出了建议。
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Judicial Decisions Constraining Public Health Powers During COVID-19: Implications For Public Health Policy Making.

Public health legal powers are increasingly under pressure from the courts in the United States. During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals and organizations successfully challenged many community mitigation orders (for example, mask mandates, vaccination mandates, and restrictions on gatherings), demonstrating the legal vulnerability of disease control measures. Analyzing 112 judicial decisions in which the plaintiff prevailed from March 2020 through March 2023, we examined the ways in which courts constrained public health powers during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that in these 112 decisions, courts shifted how they analyze religious liberty claims and reviewed challenges to the exercise of statutory powers by health officials in novel ways. We discuss implications for public health policy going forward, and we recommend ways in which legislatures and health officials can design policies to maximize their prospects of surviving legal challenges.

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来源期刊
Health Affairs
Health Affairs 医学-卫生保健
CiteScore
15.00
自引率
2.10%
发文量
246
审稿时长
3-6 weeks
期刊介绍: Health Affairs is a prestigious journal that aims to thoroughly examine significant health policy matters both domestically and globally. Our publication is committed to addressing issues that are relevant to both the private and public sectors. We are enthusiastic about inviting private and public decision-makers to contribute their innovative ideas in a publishable format. Health Affairs seeks to incorporate various perspectives from industry, labor, government, and academia, ensuring that our readers benefit from the diverse viewpoints within the healthcare field.
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