Hadi Al Hikmani, Cock van Oosterhout, Thomas Birley, Jim Labisko, Hazel A. Jackson, Andrew Spalton, Simon Tollington, Jim J. Groombridge
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We (i) examine genetic diversity in the wild and captive populations to identify global patterns of genetic diversity and structure; (ii) estimate the size of the remaining leopard population across the Dhofar mountains of Oman using spatially explicit capture–recapture models on DNA and camera trap data, and (iii) explore the impact of genetic rescue using three complementary computer modeling approaches. We estimated a population size of 51 (95% CI 32–79) in the Dhofar mountains and found that 8 out of 25 microsatellite alleles present in eight loci in captive leopards were undetected in the wild. This includes two alleles present only in captive founders known to have been wild-sourced from Yemen, which suggests that this captive population represents an important source for genetic rescue. We then assessed the benefits of reintroducing novel genetic diversity into the wild population as well as the risks of elevating the genetic load through the release of captive-bred individuals. Simulations indicate that genetic rescue can improve the long-term viability of the wild population by reducing its genetic load and realized load. The model also suggests that the genetic load has been partly purged in the captive population, potentially making it a valuable source population for genetic rescue. However, the greater loss of its genetic diversity could exacerbate genomic erosion of the wild population during a rescue program, and these risks and benefits should be carefully evaluated. An important next step in the recovery of the Arabian leopard is to empirically validate these conclusions, implement and monitor a genomics-informed management plan, and optimize a strategy for genetic rescue as a tool to recover Arabia's last big cat.</p>","PeriodicalId":168,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Applications","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eva.13701","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Can genetic rescue help save Arabia's last big cat?\",\"authors\":\"Hadi Al Hikmani, Cock van Oosterhout, Thomas Birley, Jim Labisko, Hazel A. Jackson, Andrew Spalton, Simon Tollington, Jim J. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
遗传多样性是进化潜力的基础,对野生动物种群的长期生存至关重要。人工饲养的种群蕴藏着可能在野外消失的遗传多样性,这对放归计划和遗传拯救很有价值。极度濒危的阿拉伯豹(Panthera pardus nimr)已从其以前在阿拉伯半岛的大部分分布区消失,野外仅存不到 120 只,另有 64 只豹子被圈养。我们(i)研究了野生种群和人工饲养种群的遗传多样性,以确定遗传多样性和结构的全球模式;(ii)利用空间明确的捕获-再捕获模型对 DNA 和相机陷阱数据进行分析,估计阿曼佐法尔山区剩余花豹种群的规模;以及(iii)利用三种互补的计算机建模方法探讨遗传拯救的影响。我们估计佐法尔山区的种群数量为 51(95% CI 32-79)只,并发现圈养豹八个位点的 25 个微卫星等位基因中有 8 个在野外未被检测到。其中有两个等位基因只存在于已知来自也门野外的圈养豹始祖中,这表明该圈养种群是基因拯救的重要来源。我们随后评估了将新的遗传多样性重新引入野生种群的益处,以及通过释放圈养个体提高遗传负荷的风险。模拟结果表明,基因拯救可以降低野生种群的基因负荷和实现负荷,从而提高野生种群的长期生存能力。该模型还表明,圈养种群中的基因负荷已被部分清除,有可能使其成为基因拯救的宝贵来源种群。然而,其遗传多样性的更大损失可能会在拯救计划中加剧野生种群的基因组侵蚀,因此应仔细评估这些风险和益处。恢复阿拉伯豹的下一个重要步骤是通过经验验证这些结论,实施和监测基因组学管理计划,并优化基因拯救策略,以此作为恢复阿拉伯最后一种大型猫科动物的工具。
Can genetic rescue help save Arabia's last big cat?
Genetic diversity underpins evolutionary potential that is essential for the long-term viability of wildlife populations. Captive populations harbor genetic diversity potentially lost in the wild, which could be valuable for release programs and genetic rescue. The Critically Endangered Arabian leopard (Panthera pardus nimr) has disappeared from most of its former range across the Arabian Peninsula, with fewer than 120 individuals left in the wild, and an additional 64 leopards in captivity. We (i) examine genetic diversity in the wild and captive populations to identify global patterns of genetic diversity and structure; (ii) estimate the size of the remaining leopard population across the Dhofar mountains of Oman using spatially explicit capture–recapture models on DNA and camera trap data, and (iii) explore the impact of genetic rescue using three complementary computer modeling approaches. We estimated a population size of 51 (95% CI 32–79) in the Dhofar mountains and found that 8 out of 25 microsatellite alleles present in eight loci in captive leopards were undetected in the wild. This includes two alleles present only in captive founders known to have been wild-sourced from Yemen, which suggests that this captive population represents an important source for genetic rescue. We then assessed the benefits of reintroducing novel genetic diversity into the wild population as well as the risks of elevating the genetic load through the release of captive-bred individuals. Simulations indicate that genetic rescue can improve the long-term viability of the wild population by reducing its genetic load and realized load. The model also suggests that the genetic load has been partly purged in the captive population, potentially making it a valuable source population for genetic rescue. However, the greater loss of its genetic diversity could exacerbate genomic erosion of the wild population during a rescue program, and these risks and benefits should be carefully evaluated. An important next step in the recovery of the Arabian leopard is to empirically validate these conclusions, implement and monitor a genomics-informed management plan, and optimize a strategy for genetic rescue as a tool to recover Arabia's last big cat.
期刊介绍:
Evolutionary Applications is a fully peer reviewed open access journal. It publishes papers that utilize concepts from evolutionary biology to address biological questions of health, social and economic relevance. Papers are expected to employ evolutionary concepts or methods to make contributions to areas such as (but not limited to): medicine, agriculture, forestry, exploitation and management (fisheries and wildlife), aquaculture, conservation biology, environmental sciences (including climate change and invasion biology), microbiology, and toxicology. All taxonomic groups are covered from microbes, fungi, plants and animals. In order to better serve the community, we also now strongly encourage submissions of papers making use of modern molecular and genetic methods (population and functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenetics, quantitative genetics, association and linkage mapping) to address important questions in any of these disciplines and in an applied evolutionary framework. Theoretical, empirical, synthesis or perspective papers are welcome.