Assessment of mechanical, physical, and thermal characterization of jujube seed shell briquettes

The escalating challenges of energy scarcity and environmental concerns stemming from fossil fuel usage have intensified the exploration of renewable energy sources, including municipal waste and agricultural residues. Despite their availability, indigenous nature, and environmental friendliness, certain residues necessitate conversion through processes such as briquetting because of the high relative humidity and low specific heat. This study delves into the examination of the mechanical, thermophysical, and physical properties of Jujube seed shell-based briquettes without the use of binders. Three distinct particle sizes; fine particles (<0.6 mm), medium particles (<2.36 mm), and coarse particles (<3.35 mm) were respectively experimented. The produced briquettes underwent analysis for density, durability, shatter resistance index, relaxation ratio, compressive strength, volatile matter (VM), and specific heat of combustion. Results unveiled a density range of 1909 kg/m³ to 2158 kg/m³, with fine particles exhibiting the highest density at 2158 kg/m³. Calorific values varied between 26,430 kJ/kg and 27,175 kJ/kg. Moisture content ranged from 3.0 % to 7 %, ash content from 1.51 % to 1.68 %, volatile matter from 73.1 % to 77.2 %, and fixed carbon from 17.29 % to 18.39 %. This comprehensive exploration provides valuable insights into the potential of Jujube seed shell briquettes as a sustainable and efficient alternative energy source, contributing to the ongoing discourse on renewable energy utilization.