二甲双胍对调节肠道微生物群具有广泛影响的机制研究进展

Yue Wang, Xianxian Jia, Bin Cong
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摘要

二甲双胍因其安全性高、副作用小以及除降血糖外还具有抗炎、抗肿瘤和抗衰老等多种功效而备受关注。研究表明,二甲双胍除作用于肝脏外,还对肠道微生物群的组成和功能有调节作用。然而,微生物群的组成十分复杂,不同物种和个体之间存在一定差异,而且每项研究的实验设计也不尽相同。多种因素构成了更好地理解二甲双胍对肠道微生物群影响的主要障碍。本文综述了二甲双胍对肠道微生物群的调控作用,如增加Akkermansia属的丰度、丰富产生短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)的细菌属以及调控某些菌属的基因表达。肠道微生物群是人体中一个庞大而重要的生态系统,被认为相当于人体的一个 "器官",与人体健康和疾病状况密切相关。有大量证据表明,肠道微生物群是二甲双胍产生广泛影响的原因。然而,关于这一机制的系统研究为数不多,具体机制尚不清楚。本文旨在总结二甲双胍与肠道微生物群相关的可能机制。
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Advances in the mechanism of metformin with wide-ranging effects on regulation of the intestinal microbiota
Metformin is of great focus because of its high safety, low side effects, and various effects other than lowering blood sugar, such as anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, and anti-aging. Studies have shown that metformin has a modulating effect on the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota other than acting on the liver. However, the composition of microbiota is complex and varies to some extent between species and individuals, and the experimental design of each study is also different. Multiple factors present a major obstacle to better comprehending the effects of metformin on the gut microbiota. This paper reviews the regulatory effects of metformin on the gut microbiota, such as increasing the abundance of genus Akkermansia, enriching short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacterial genus, and regulating gene expression of certain genera. The intestinal microbiota is a large and vital ecosystem in the human body and is considered to be the equivalent of an “organ” of the human body, which is highly relevant to human health and disease status. There are a lot of evidences that the gut microbiota is responsible for metformin’s widespread effects. However, there are only a few systematic studies on this mechanism, and the specific mechanism is still unclear. This paper aims to summarize the possible mechanism of metformin in relation to gut microbiota.
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