Detection and Analysis of Abnormal High-Current Discharge of Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Battery Based on Acoustic Characteristics Research

The improvement of battery management systems (BMSs) requires the incorporation of advanced battery status detection technologies to facilitate early warnings of abnormal conditions. In this study, acoustic data from batteries under two discharge rates, 0.5 C and 3 C, were collected using a specially designed battery acoustic test system. By analyzing selected acoustic parameters in the time domain, the acoustic signals exhibited noticeable differences with the change in discharge current, highlighting the potential of acoustic signals for current anomaly detection. In the frequency domain analysis, distinct variations in the frequency domain parameters of the acoustic response signal were observed at different discharge currents. The identification of acoustic characteristic parameters demonstrates a robust capability to detect short-term high-current discharges, which reflects the sensitivity of the battery’s internal structure to varying operational stresses. Acoustic emission (AE) technology, coupled with electrode measurements, effectively tracks unusually high discharge currents. The acoustic signals show a clear correlation with discharge currents, indicating that selecting key acoustic parameters can reveal the battery structure’s response to high currents. This approach could serve as a crucial diagnostic tool for identifying battery abnormalities.