动态农业光伏系统下苹果树的比叶面积和光合作用

Perrine Juillion, Gerardo Lopez, Gilles Verambre, Michel Génard, V. Lesniak, Damien Fumey
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人们一直认为,在农业光伏(AV)系统中栽培的作物可以通过光合作用产生足够的碳水化合物,因为它们可以接受过量的光照。然而,许多研究表明,遮光条件下比叶面积(SLA)的增加可能与叶片光合能力的降低有关。本研究旨在评估严重和波动的视听遮蔽对苹果叶片形态生理特征(SLA 和光合作用)的影响。研究人员对生长在动态视听系统中的 10 年树龄的 "金美味 "苹果树进行了连续三季(2019 年至 2021 年)的监测,同时还对没有面板的对照组进行了监测。从 2019 年 2 月到 2021 年 7 月,光伏组件旋转以最大限度地增加树木遮阳(夏季每天遮阳 15 小时)。从 2021 年 7 月起,测试了较轻的遮阳策略(夏季每天遮阳 5.8 小时)。在多个日期,反向遮荫系统中树木的 SLA 值总是更高(单个叶面积更大,但叶片更薄)。在季节后期增加光照时,SLA 没有变化。光响应曲线表明,在反车辆系统中生长的叶片饱和点较低,SLA 与最大光合作用能力之间呈线性负相关。为了避免叶片形态因适应遮荫而发生改变,我们建议在叶片生长过程中避免严重遮荫。我们希望这项研究能让我们更好地了解如何在动态视听系统中的特定季节调节光照小气候。
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Specific Leaf Area and Photosynthesis of Apple Trees Under a Dynamic Agrivoltaic System
It has been assumed that crops cultivated in agrivoltaics (AV) systems can produce enough carbohydrates through the process of photosynthesis because they are expose to an excess of light. However, many studies have shown increases in specific leaf area (SLA) under shading that can be associated to reductions in the photosynthetic capacity of leaves. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of severe and fluctuating AV shading on apple leaf morphophysiological characteristics (SLA and photosynthesis). 10-year-old ’Golden Delicious’ apple trees grown in a dynamic AV system were monitored over three consecutive seasons (2019 to 2021) along with a control without panels. From February 2019 until July 2021, the photovoltaic modules rotated to maximise tree shading (15 hours of shading per day in summer). From July 2021 onwards, a lighter shading strategy was tested (5.8 hours of shading per day in summer). SLA at several dates was always higher for trees in the AV system (bigger individual leaf area but thinner leaves). SLA was not modified when light availability was increased late in the season. Light response curves indicated a lower saturation point for leaves grown in the AV system and a linear negative relationship was found between SLA and maximal photosynthetic capacity. To avoid leaf morphology modifications due to shade acclimatation, we propose to avoid severe shading during leaf development. We expect this study will provide a better understanding on how to modulate the light microclimate at specific times of the season in dynamic AV systems.
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