Miura Origami-Inspired Reconfigurable Phase Gradient Metasurface for Linearly and Circularly Polarized Differential Modulation

Miura origami's reconfigurable characteristic and structural asymmetry, combined with electromagnetic (EM) wave manipulation, crashed a unique spark. However, the complexity of the three-dimensional (3D) origami structure after folding makes it challenging to study the phase regulation mechanism. Here, we propose a reconfigurable phase gradient metasurface based on Miura origami and derive the underlying mechanism of phase modulation in detail under linearly and circularly polarized (LP and CP) incidence. We adopt the one-dimensional (1D) gradient design along the x direction to verify the idea. The phase calculation formulas are given under LP and CP incidence through the Jones matrix's derivation. The beam deflector angles corresponding to LP and CP waves are identical in the planar state. As the folding angle increases, the phase evolution rules corresponding to the LP and CP waves are discrepant, leading to differential beam steering. Finally, the origami sample is processed for verification, and the experimental data are consistent with the simulation and theoretically calculated values. We believe this work can help analyze the EM behavior of complex 3D origami structures and lay a foundation for designing a multifunctional EM origami metasurface.