Rolf Behling, C. Hulme, P. Tolias, Gavin Poludniowski, Mats Danielsson
{"title":"用于 keV X 射线源的微粒子混合靶模拟","authors":"Rolf Behling, C. Hulme, P. Tolias, Gavin Poludniowski, Mats Danielsson","doi":"10.3390/instruments8020032","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The spatiotemporal resolution of diagnostic X-ray images obtained with rotating-anode X-ray tubes has remained limited as the development of rigid, high-performance target materials has slowed down. However, novel imaging techniques using finer detector pixels and orthovolt cancer therapy employing narrow X-ray focal spots demand improved output from brilliant keV X-ray sources. Since its advent in 1929, rotating-anode technology has become the greatest bottleneck to improvement. To overcome this limitation, the current authors have devised a novel X-ray generation technology based on tungsten microparticle targets. The current study investigated a hybrid solution of a stream of fast tungsten microparticles and a rotating anode to both harvest the benefits of the improved performance of the new solution and to reuse known technology. The rotating anode captures energy that may pass a partially opaque microparticle stream and thereby contributes to X-ray generation. With reference to fast-rotating anodes and a highly appreciated small focal spot of a standardized size of 0.3 for an 8° target angle (physical: 0.45 mm × 4.67 mm), we calculated a potential output gain of at least 85% for non-melting microparticles and of 124% if melting is envisioned. Microparticle charging can be remediated by electron backscattering and electron field emission. The adoption of such a solution enables substantially improved image resolution.","PeriodicalId":13582,"journal":{"name":"Instruments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Microparticle Hybrid Target Simulation for keV X-ray Sources\",\"authors\":\"Rolf Behling, C. Hulme, P. Tolias, Gavin Poludniowski, Mats Danielsson\",\"doi\":\"10.3390/instruments8020032\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The spatiotemporal resolution of diagnostic X-ray images obtained with rotating-anode X-ray tubes has remained limited as the development of rigid, high-performance target materials has slowed down. However, novel imaging techniques using finer detector pixels and orthovolt cancer therapy employing narrow X-ray focal spots demand improved output from brilliant keV X-ray sources. Since its advent in 1929, rotating-anode technology has become the greatest bottleneck to improvement. To overcome this limitation, the current authors have devised a novel X-ray generation technology based on tungsten microparticle targets. The current study investigated a hybrid solution of a stream of fast tungsten microparticles and a rotating anode to both harvest the benefits of the improved performance of the new solution and to reuse known technology. The rotating anode captures energy that may pass a partially opaque microparticle stream and thereby contributes to X-ray generation. With reference to fast-rotating anodes and a highly appreciated small focal spot of a standardized size of 0.3 for an 8° target angle (physical: 0.45 mm × 4.67 mm), we calculated a potential output gain of at least 85% for non-melting microparticles and of 124% if melting is envisioned. Microparticle charging can be remediated by electron backscattering and electron field emission. The adoption of such a solution enables substantially improved image resolution.\",\"PeriodicalId\":13582,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Instruments\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-05-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Instruments\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments8020032\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"Physics and Astronomy\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Instruments","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments8020032","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Physics and Astronomy","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
由于刚性高性能靶材料的开发速度放缓,使用旋转阳极 X 射线管获得的诊断 X 射线图像的时空分辨率仍然有限。然而,使用更精细探测器像素的新型成像技术和使用窄 X 射线焦点的正伏特癌症疗法,都要求改进高亮度千伏 X 射线源的输出。旋转阳极技术自 1929 年问世以来,已成为制约改进的最大瓶颈。为了克服这一限制,作者设计了一种基于钨微粒子靶的新型 X 射线生成技术。目前的研究调查了快速钨微粒子流和旋转阳极的混合解决方案,以便既能从新解决方案的性能改进中获益,又能重复使用已知技术。旋转阳极可以捕获通过部分不透明微粒子流的能量,从而促进 X 射线的产生。参照快速旋转阳极和 8° 靶角标准尺寸为 0.3(物理尺寸:0.45 mm × 4.67 mm)的小焦斑,我们计算出非熔化微颗粒的潜在输出增益至少为 85%,如果设想熔化,则为 124%。微粒子充电可以通过电子反向散射和电子场发射来解决。采用这种解决方案可大幅提高图像分辨率。
Microparticle Hybrid Target Simulation for keV X-ray Sources
The spatiotemporal resolution of diagnostic X-ray images obtained with rotating-anode X-ray tubes has remained limited as the development of rigid, high-performance target materials has slowed down. However, novel imaging techniques using finer detector pixels and orthovolt cancer therapy employing narrow X-ray focal spots demand improved output from brilliant keV X-ray sources. Since its advent in 1929, rotating-anode technology has become the greatest bottleneck to improvement. To overcome this limitation, the current authors have devised a novel X-ray generation technology based on tungsten microparticle targets. The current study investigated a hybrid solution of a stream of fast tungsten microparticles and a rotating anode to both harvest the benefits of the improved performance of the new solution and to reuse known technology. The rotating anode captures energy that may pass a partially opaque microparticle stream and thereby contributes to X-ray generation. With reference to fast-rotating anodes and a highly appreciated small focal spot of a standardized size of 0.3 for an 8° target angle (physical: 0.45 mm × 4.67 mm), we calculated a potential output gain of at least 85% for non-melting microparticles and of 124% if melting is envisioned. Microparticle charging can be remediated by electron backscattering and electron field emission. The adoption of such a solution enables substantially improved image resolution.