特莫比莱的亡灵:希罗多德的希腊亡灵 8.25

Thomas Clements
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摘要

本文通过分析希罗多德《历史》第 8 卷中波斯海军在特莫比莱战场上的巡视,论证了希腊史学中出现奴隶制的更多样化的方法。以往研究希腊史学中奴隶制的方法正确地评论了奴隶广泛参与古代战争对希腊作者造成的文化尴尬。然而,这只是奴隶在史学叙事中的一个方面。希罗多德不断质疑调查方法,其作品中的许多人物都参与了类似调查的活动。第 8 卷本身也不例外,其中许多情节都涉及人类认知的错误。在特莫比莱战役的英雄阵亡者中出现了helot人,这既是一种叙事揭示,因为读者之前并不知道他们的存在,也是对希腊人身份争议的一种评论,第 8 卷一开始就对不同的希腊人群体发表了一系列直接讲话,他们都以不同的方式参与了波斯战争。因此,看似偶然的细节其实可以从《历史》更广泛的主题背景中来理解,尤其是与波斯战争有关的书籍。
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HELOTS AT THERMOPYLAE: THE GREEK DEAD AT HERODOTUS 8.25
This article argues for a more diverse approach to the appearance of enslaved persons in Greek historiography through an analysis of the Persian navy's battlefield tour of Thermopylae in Book 8 of Herodotus’ Histories. Previous approaches to slavery in Greek historiography have rightly commented on the cultural awkwardness to Greek authors of slaves’ extensive involvement in ancient warfare. However, this is only one aspect of how slaves featured in historiographical narrative. Herodotus continually problematizes the methods of enquiry and many characters within his work engage in enquiry-like activities. Book 8 itself is no different, with much of the action involving errors in human perception. The appearance of helots amongst the heroic dead at Thermopylae is intended both as a narrative reveal, since their presence has not previously been known to the reader, and as a comment on the contestation of Greek identity, which is framed at the start of Book 8 with a series of direct addresses to different groups of Greeks, all of whom take a different approach to their participation in the Persian Wars. Hence what appears to be an incidental detail can in fact be understood in the wider, thematic context of the Histories and especially that of the books concerning the Persian Wars.
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PHILOSOPHY IN DIO CHRYSOSTOM, ON ANACHÔRÊSIS (ORATION 20) THE MATHEMATICAL EXAMPLE OF GNOMONS IN ARISTOTLE, PHYSICS 3.4, 203a10–16 HELOTS AT THERMOPYLAE: THE GREEK DEAD AT HERODOTUS 8.25 A SERVILE RIDDLE FROM POMPEII? (CIL 4.1877) JULIUS CAESAR AND THE LARCH: BURNING QUESTIONS AT VITRUVIUS’ DE ARCHITECTVRA 2.9.15–16 – ERRATUM
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