Characteristics, preservation mechanisms, and significance of aragonite in lacustrine shale: A case study from the Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

Aragonite is a metastable mineral, which is easily transformed into calcite, and generally difficult to preserve in the stratum. However, large amounts of aragonites were found in the Paleogene shale of the Jiyang Depression. The characteristics and preservation mechanisms of these aragonites were analyzed through a series of analytical methods, including cathodoluminescence, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), micro-area carbon and oxygen isotopes, Sr isotopes, and dissolution simulation experiments under high temperature and high pressure. The research results show that: ①Aragonite in the Paleogene shale of the Jiyang Depression is related to algal microbial fossils, primarily composed of coccoliths and characterized by two emission peaks at 420 nm and 480 nm in cathodoluminescence; ②The primary factor allowing biological aragonite to be preserved is the immaturity of the organic matter and the deficiency of abundant organic acids necessary for its dissolution or transformation, which is confirmed by the evidence of organic matter maturity and simulation experiments of organic acid dissolution on aragonite under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. Additional factors that may aid in the preservation of aragonite are the ideal sedimentation conditions, the defense of organic coating, and the enclosed environment with tiny pores, low porosity, and low permeability; ③These aragonite-rich shales, characterized by coccolithophores, provide a solid evidence for seawater intrusion into terrestrial lake basin, and have a significant implication for the source and storage of shale oil.