Zibukile G. Mchunu , Makiwa S. Mthana , Doctor M.N Mthiyane
{"title":"用硬骨鱼籽饼替代大豆粕对土鸡生理、肉质和骨质的影响","authors":"Zibukile G. Mchunu , Makiwa S. Mthana , Doctor M.N Mthiyane","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100364","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated marula seed cake (MSC) as alternative protein source (APS) replacing soyabean meal (SBM) in indigenous chicken diets. Four hundred, 3-week-old Boschveld chicks were randomly allocated to 5 iso-energetic-nitrogenous maize and SBM-based grower diets with 0, 10, 15, 20, and 25 % MSC, each with 5 replicate pens of 16 birds, in a completely randomised design (CRD), for 9 weeks. Results showed that dietary MSC quadratically decreased bird overall feed intake (FI) (<em>P</em> < 0.001) and body weight gain (BWG) (<em>P</em> < 0.01) as it linearly decreased the weights of hot carcass (HCW; <em>P</em> < 0.05), spleen (<em>P</em> < 0.05), jejunum (<em>P</em> < 0.05), ileum (<em>P</em> < 0.001), and caecum (<em>P</em> < 0.001). In contrast, MSC increased chicken serum glucose (<em>P</em> < 0.05), cholesterol (<em>P</em> = 0.001) and phosphate (<em>P</em> < 0.05) as it decreased its amylase activity (<em>P</em> < 0.01). Also, it decreased bird meat lightness at 45 min (<em>P</em> < 0.05) and its yellowness at 45 min (<em>P</em> < 0.001) and 24 h (<em>P</em> < 0.001) whilst it increased its redness at 45 min (<em>P</em> < 0.01) and 24 h (<em>P</em> < 0.05) post-slaughter. In addition, MSC decreased chicken bone medial diaphysis (<em>P</em> < 0.05) as it induced no effects (<em>P</em> > 0.05) on overall feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and all other parameters. In conclusion, feeding of ≤ 15 % dietary MSC is nutritionally safe for indigenous chickens whilst detrimental on bird appetite, growth and meat yield, however without significantly affecting their physiology, at higher inclusion levels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100364"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X24000310/pdfft?md5=3e09973657ba2ba70ef5db12a1e43457&pid=1-s2.0-S2451943X24000310-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Dietary effects of Sclerocarya birrea caffra seed cake replacing soyabean meal on physiology, meat and bone quality of indigenous chickens\",\"authors\":\"Zibukile G. Mchunu , Makiwa S. Mthana , Doctor M.N Mthiyane\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100364\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>This study investigated marula seed cake (MSC) as alternative protein source (APS) replacing soyabean meal (SBM) in indigenous chicken diets. Four hundred, 3-week-old Boschveld chicks were randomly allocated to 5 iso-energetic-nitrogenous maize and SBM-based grower diets with 0, 10, 15, 20, and 25 % MSC, each with 5 replicate pens of 16 birds, in a completely randomised design (CRD), for 9 weeks. Results showed that dietary MSC quadratically decreased bird overall feed intake (FI) (<em>P</em> < 0.001) and body weight gain (BWG) (<em>P</em> < 0.01) as it linearly decreased the weights of hot carcass (HCW; <em>P</em> < 0.05), spleen (<em>P</em> < 0.05), jejunum (<em>P</em> < 0.05), ileum (<em>P</em> < 0.001), and caecum (<em>P</em> < 0.001). In contrast, MSC increased chicken serum glucose (<em>P</em> < 0.05), cholesterol (<em>P</em> = 0.001) and phosphate (<em>P</em> < 0.05) as it decreased its amylase activity (<em>P</em> < 0.01). Also, it decreased bird meat lightness at 45 min (<em>P</em> < 0.05) and its yellowness at 45 min (<em>P</em> < 0.001) and 24 h (<em>P</em> < 0.001) whilst it increased its redness at 45 min (<em>P</em> < 0.01) and 24 h (<em>P</em> < 0.05) post-slaughter. In addition, MSC decreased chicken bone medial diaphysis (<em>P</em> < 0.05) as it induced no effects (<em>P</em> > 0.05) on overall feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and all other parameters. In conclusion, feeding of ≤ 15 % dietary MSC is nutritionally safe for indigenous chickens whilst detrimental on bird appetite, growth and meat yield, however without significantly affecting their physiology, at higher inclusion levels.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":37152,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Veterinary and Animal Science\",\"volume\":\"25 \",\"pages\":\"Article 100364\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-05-23\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X24000310/pdfft?md5=3e09973657ba2ba70ef5db12a1e43457&pid=1-s2.0-S2451943X24000310-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Veterinary and Animal Science\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X24000310\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Veterinary and Animal Science","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X24000310","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
Dietary effects of Sclerocarya birrea caffra seed cake replacing soyabean meal on physiology, meat and bone quality of indigenous chickens
This study investigated marula seed cake (MSC) as alternative protein source (APS) replacing soyabean meal (SBM) in indigenous chicken diets. Four hundred, 3-week-old Boschveld chicks were randomly allocated to 5 iso-energetic-nitrogenous maize and SBM-based grower diets with 0, 10, 15, 20, and 25 % MSC, each with 5 replicate pens of 16 birds, in a completely randomised design (CRD), for 9 weeks. Results showed that dietary MSC quadratically decreased bird overall feed intake (FI) (P < 0.001) and body weight gain (BWG) (P < 0.01) as it linearly decreased the weights of hot carcass (HCW; P < 0.05), spleen (P < 0.05), jejunum (P < 0.05), ileum (P < 0.001), and caecum (P < 0.001). In contrast, MSC increased chicken serum glucose (P < 0.05), cholesterol (P = 0.001) and phosphate (P < 0.05) as it decreased its amylase activity (P < 0.01). Also, it decreased bird meat lightness at 45 min (P < 0.05) and its yellowness at 45 min (P < 0.001) and 24 h (P < 0.001) whilst it increased its redness at 45 min (P < 0.01) and 24 h (P < 0.05) post-slaughter. In addition, MSC decreased chicken bone medial diaphysis (P < 0.05) as it induced no effects (P > 0.05) on overall feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and all other parameters. In conclusion, feeding of ≤ 15 % dietary MSC is nutritionally safe for indigenous chickens whilst detrimental on bird appetite, growth and meat yield, however without significantly affecting their physiology, at higher inclusion levels.