Veterinary and Animal Science最新文献

Deciphering autosomal and X-linked genetic effects of early growth traits in Murciano-Granadina goats via a multivariate animal model 通过多变量动物模型解读穆尔西亚诺-格拉纳迪纳山羊早期生长性状的常染色体和x连锁遗传效应

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100553

Jamshid Ehsaninia , Mohammad Bagher Zandi , Moein Taned , Alireza Bagheripour

This study aimed to quantify autosomal and sex-linked genetic parameters for early growth traits in the Murciano-Granadina goat breed. Data were collected from a commercial dairy herd in Ghaleh-Ganj, southern Iran. A total of 19,582 records for birth weight (BWT) and 9157 records for weaning weight (WWT) were analyzed, covering animals born between 2016 and 2023, descended from 460 bucks and 5382 does. Live weight measurements were used to calculate preweaning growth rate (PWGR), preweaning Kleiber ratio (PWKR), and preweaning growth efficiency (PWGE). Environmental effects were evaluated using aov package in R, and the optimal multivariate model was constructed by combining the best-fitting univariate models for each trait. Genetic parameters were estimated using this optimal multivariate animal model and the average information restricted maximum likelihood algorithm in WOMBAT software. Estimated direct autosomal heritabilities (

h_{a}^{2}

) were 0.05 for BWT, 0.08 for WWT, 0.06 for PWGR and PWGE, and 0.09 for PWKR. Corresponding direct sex-linked heritabilities (

h_{s}^{2}

) were 0.03 for BWT, 0.02 for WWT, 0.01 for PWGR, and PWKR, and 0.04 for PWGE. Excluding sex-linked chromosomal effects from optimal model led to a 3–14 % increase in autosomal additive genetic variance and a 7–20 % increase in the residual variance. Autosomal genetic correlations (r_a) ranged from -0.70 (BWT-PWGE) to 0.83 (PWKR-PWGR), while sex-linked genetic correlations (r_s) ranged from -0.75 (BWT-PWGE) to 0.93 (WWT-PWGE). These findings highlight the relevance of accounting for sex-linked additive inheritance in genetic evaluations, supporting more informed selection decisions and contributing to improved genetic progress in Murciano-Granadina goats.

本研究旨在量化Murciano-Granadina山羊品种早期生长性状的常染色体和性别连锁遗传参数。数据收集自伊朗南部Ghaleh-Ganj的一个商业奶牛群。研究人员共分析了出生体重（BWT）的19582条记录和断奶体重（WWT）的9157条记录，涵盖了2016年至2023年出生的动物，从460头公鹿和5382头公鹿下降。测定活重计算断奶前生长率（PWGR）、断奶前克莱伯比（PWKR）和断奶前生长效率（PWGE）。利用R中的aov包对环境效应进行评价，将各性状的最优拟合单变量模型组合，构建最优多变量模型。利用该最优多元动物模型和平均信息限制最大似然算法在WOMBAT软件中估计遗传参数。估计BWT的直接常染色体遗传率（ha2）为0.05，WWT为0.08，PWGR和PWGE为0.06，PWKR为0.09。相应的直接性连锁遗传力（hs2）分别为：BWT为0.03，WWT为0.02，PWGR和PWKR为0.01，PWGE为0.04。从最优模型中排除性别连锁染色体效应导致常染色体加性遗传变异增加3 - 14%，剩余变异增加7 - 20%。常染色体遗传相关性（ra）范围从-0.70 （BWT-PWGE）到0.83 (PWKR-PWGR)，而性别相关遗传相关性（rs）范围从-0.75 （BWT-PWGE）到0.93 （WWT-PWGE）。这些发现强调了在遗传评估中考虑性别连锁加性遗传的相关性，支持了更明智的选择决策，并有助于改善穆尔西亚诺-格拉纳迪纳山羊的遗传进展。

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引用次数: 0

Prokaryotic expression of the giant panda VEGFA gene and the preparation and characterization of its monoclonal antibodies 大熊猫VEGFA基因的原核表达及其单克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100551

Xiangyu Liu , Feiping Li , Shenfei Wang , Mengshi Zhang , Xianbiao Hu , Yuliang Liu , Rong Hou , Kailai Cai

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) plays a crucial role in angiogenesis and is closely associated with two major challenges in giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) conservation: reproductive disorders and cancer. To support the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools for this vulnerable species, this study aimed to generate and characterize monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to giant panda VEGFA. The VEGFA gene fragment (35–517) was cloned and expressed as a recombinant protein in Escherichia coli, which was used as an immunogen. Through hybridoma technology, four stable mAb-secreting cell lines were established, all producing IgG2b subclass antibodies. The obtained mAbs were first screened and characterized by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the recombinant VEGFA protein. Their specific recognition of the native VEGFA protein in various giant panda tissues and cells was subsequently confirmed by Western blot analysis. In conclusion, this study successfully generated mAbs against giant panda VEGFA, providing a valuable reagent for future studies on pregnancy complications and cancer in this species.

血管内皮生长因子A （VEGFA）在血管生成中起着至关重要的作用，并与大熊猫（Ailuropoda melanoleuca）保护的两大挑战：生殖障碍和癌症密切相关。为了支持这一脆弱物种的诊断和治疗工具的开发，本研究旨在生成和表征大熊猫VEGFA特异性单克隆抗体（mab）。克隆了VEGFA基因片段（35-517），并在大肠杆菌中表达为重组蛋白，作为免疫原。通过杂交瘤技术，建立了4株稳定的分泌单克隆抗体的细胞系，均产生IgG2b亚类抗体。首先利用重组VEGFA蛋白对获得的单抗进行筛选和间接酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）鉴定。随后通过Western blot分析证实了它们对大熊猫各种组织和细胞中天然VEGFA蛋白的特异性识别。综上所述，本研究成功生成了针对大熊猫VEGFA的单克隆抗体，为该物种的妊娠并发症和癌症的进一步研究提供了有价值的试剂。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular detection of Coxiella Burnetii in ovine abortions: evidence from a three-year surveillance in an endemic region 羊流产中伯纳氏杆菌的分子检测：来自流行地区三年监测的证据

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100550

Pegah Sagha Nosrati , Khadijeh Hashemi , Narges Khaleghnia , Mehrdad Mohri , Pezhman Mirshokraei

Coxiella burnetii, an obligate intracellular coccobacillus, is a major cause of abortion in livestock and a re-emerging zoonotic pathogen responsible for Q fever in humans. Iran, particularly Khorasan-e-Razavi Province, is considered endemic for Q fever. Rapid and accurate detection of C. burnetii in animal shedders, especially asymptomatic ones, is essential to control its spread among animals and from animals to humans.

This study provides the first multi-year (2020–2022) quantitative assessment of C. burnetii infection load in ovine abortions in this endemic region. The objectives were to: (i) develop and validate a region-specific real-time PCR assay targeting the IS1111a gene through sequencing of the amplified fragment; (ii) quantify pathogen load using a standard curve derived from a sequenced reference fragment; and (iii) evaluate associations between prevalence and factors such as year, season, geographic location, and confirmed co-infections with other abortifacient agents. Liver samples from 116 aborted sheep fetuses were examined by real-time PCR, revealing a C. burnetii prevalence of 53.4%, while in 54.8% of these positive cases, C. burnetii was identified as the sole infectious pathogen contributing to abortion. A significant association (p < 0.05) between sampling year and prevalence was observed, with a rising trend over time. The high prevalence of C. burnetii and its role in abortion cases underscore the need for enhanced surveillance and control programs to mitigate the spread and impact of this pathogen in endemic regions.

伯纳蒂克希菌是一种专性细胞内球芽孢杆菌，是牲畜流产的主要原因，也是再次出现的人畜共患病原体，导致人类Q热。伊朗，特别是呼罗珊-拉扎维省，被认为是Q热的地方病。快速、准确地检测动物蜕皮者，特别是无症状蜕皮者的伯纳蒂菌，对于控制其在动物间和动物向人传播至关重要。本研究首次对该流行地区羊流产中的伯纳蒂胞杆菌感染负荷进行了多年（2020-2022）定量评估。目的是：(i)通过对扩增片段进行测序，开发并验证针对IS1111a基因的区域特异性实时PCR检测；（ii）使用从测序参考片段得到的标准曲线定量病原体负荷；（iii）评估患病率与年份、季节、地理位置以及与其他堕胎药物合并感染的确诊病例等因素之间的关系。对116例流产羊胎儿的肝脏样本进行实时PCR检测，发现伯纳蒂胞杆菌感染率为53.4%，其中54.8%的阳性病例中，伯纳蒂胞杆菌是导致流产的唯一感染性病原体。观察到采样年份与患病率之间存在显著关联（p < 0.05），且随时间呈上升趋势。伯纳蒂杆菌的高流行率及其在流产病例中的作用强调了加强监测和控制规划的必要性，以减轻该病原体在流行地区的传播和影响。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Body condition score at calving, subclinical ketosis, postpartum body condition score losses, diseases, and fertility in Holstein cows: modelling confounding associations” “荷斯坦奶牛产犊时身体状况评分、亚临床酮症、产后身体状况评分损失、疾病和生育力：模型混淆关联”的勘误

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100497

Pedro Melendez , Julian Bartolome , Gerardo Gonzalez , Gustavo Lastra-Duran , Pablo Pinedo

引用次数: 0

Effect of glutathione, ascorbic acid, and their combination on the quality and fertility of cryopreserved spermatozoa of Black Bengal buck 谷胱甘肽、抗坏血酸及其组合对黑孟加拉鹿冷冻精子质量和育性的影响

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100549

Md. Abul Bashar , Mst. Mahomudha Akhtar , Shahanaj Ferdousi Shejuty , Gautam Kumar Deb , Sadek Ahmed , M. A. M. Yahia Khandoker

This study investigated the effect of the addition of reduced glutathione (GSH), l-ascorbic acid (AA), and their combination (GSH+AA) to the semen extender on the semen quality and fertility of post-thaw spermatozoa of Black Bengal bucks. Ejaculates (n = 30) collected from five Black Bengal bucks were evaluated, pooled (37 °C), and divided into four treatment groups: a control group (no antioxidants), a GSH group (control + 1 mM GSH), an AA group (control + 8 mM AA), and a combined group (control + 1 mM GSH and 8 mM AA). The semen samples were then filled into 0.25 mL French straws and cryopreserved following a standard cryopreservation method. Supplementation of GSH (1 mM) and AA (8 mM) significantly (P < 0.05) improved total motility, progressive motility, normal morphology (normal fraction, distal droplet, and bent tail), and kinematic parameters (average path velocity, straight-line velocity, curvilinear velocity, and beat cross frequency) of the spermatozoa. However, the maximum improvement was observed with the combined group. In terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) status, the values of MDA and H₂O₂ were reduced significantly (P < 0.05) in the GSH, AA, and GSH+AA groups compared to the control group. The fertilization capacity of the cryopreserved spermatozoa was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the antioxidant-treated groups compared to the control group. In conclusion, supplementation of GSH and AA in freezing medium has a synergistic and beneficial effect on the quality and fertility of cryopreserved spermatozoa of Black Bengal buck.

本试验研究了在精液添加剂中添加还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、l-抗坏血酸（AA）及其组合（GSH+AA）对黑孟加拉雄鹿解冻后精子精液质量和育性的影响。从5只黑孟加拉雄鹿收集的射精（n = 30）进行评估，合并（37°C），并分为四个处理组：对照组（无抗氧化剂），GSH组（对照组+ 1 mM GSH）， AA组（对照组+ 8 mM AA）和联合组（对照组+ 1 mM GSH和8 mM AA）。然后将精液样本装入0.25 mL法式吸管中，按照标准冷冻保存方法进行冷冻保存。补充GSH （1 mM）和AA （8 mM）显著（P < 0.05）改善了精子的总运动能力、进行性运动能力、正常形态（正常分数、远端液滴和弯尾）和运动学参数（平均路径速度、直线速度、曲线速度和跳动交叉频率）。然而，观察到最大的改善是联合组。在丙二醛（MDA）水平和过氧化氢（H2O2）状态方面，与对照组相比，GSH、AA和GSH+AA组MDA和H2O2值显著降低（P < 0.05）。各抗氧化剂处理组冷冻保存精子的受精能力显著高于对照组（P < 0.05）。综上所述，在冷冻培养基中添加谷胱甘肽和AA对黑孟加拉鹿冷冻精子的质量和育性具有协同增效作用。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to ‘Nutrients utilization and enteric methane emission in zebu cattle fed low quality forages’ [Veterinary and Animal Science, Volume 30, December 2025, 100511] “饲喂低质量饲料的瘤牛的养分利用和肠道甲烷排放”的勘误表[兽医与动物科学，第30卷，2025年12月，100511]

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100533

Gérard Xavier Gbenou , Luc Hippolyte Dossa , Denis Bastianelli , Ollo Sib , Laurent Bonnal , Cécile Martin , Mohamed Habibou Assouma

引用次数: 0

Salmonella in pigs slaughtered in Ecuador: prevalence, serotypes, genotypes and antibiotic resistance 厄瓜多尔屠宰猪中的沙门氏菌：流行情况、血清型、基因型和抗生素耐药性

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100548

M. Cevallos-Almeida , C. Gómez , B. Cajas , A. Almachi , V. Rose , M. Denis , A. Kerouanton

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (S. enterica) is a leading foodborne pathogen worldwide, and pork products are major sources of infection. Given the lack of data on S. enterica infection in pigs slaughtered in Ecuador, this study aimed to determine its prevalence, as well as the serotypes, genotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of isolates from cecum contents (CCs) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) sampled from 365 pigs at the evisceration step at a slaughterhouse in Quito city. Salmonella spp. in the samples was detected by culture (ISO 6570–1 method). Strains were serotyped (ISO 6579–3 method), tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using the disk diffusion method, and genotyped by macrorestriction of chromosomal DNA. Salmonella enterica was detected in 56 of the 365 pigs sampled (15.3 %), in CCs (11.2 %) or MLNs (11.2 %) but never in both. The 56 isolates (one per positive sample) belonged to 12 serotypes, mainly the monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium (mST) (28.5 %) and S. Uganda (26.7 %). Twenty-two XbaI PFGE profiles were identified, with higher genetic diversity for S. Infantis and S. Uganda. A high percentage of isolates showed antimicrobial resistance to tetracycline (71.4 %) and streptomycin (62.5 %). Twelve antimicrobial multi-resistant patterns were observed, particularly associated with S. Typhimurium isolates, S. Infantis and mST. The present study constitutes the first investigation of S. enterica prevalence in a large-scale slaughterhouse in Ecuador. The findings will contribute to a better assessment of the epidemiology of S. enterica in the pork industry and of the associated public health risk.

肠道沙门氏菌亚种肠球菌（S. enterica）是世界范围内主要的食源性病原体，猪肉产品是感染的主要来源。鉴于缺乏厄瓜多尔屠宰猪中肠球菌感染的数据，本研究旨在确定其流行情况，以及从基多市屠宰场的365头猪的盲肠内容物（cc）和肠系膜淋巴结（mln）中采集的分离株的血清型、基因型和抗生素敏感性谱。采用培养法（ISO 6570-1）检测样品中的沙门氏菌。采用ISO 6579-3法对菌株进行血清分型，采用纸片扩散法进行药敏试验，采用染色体DNA宏观酶切法进行基因分型。在365头猪中检出56头（15.3%）、cc（11.2%）和MLNs(11.2%)，但两者均未检出沙门氏菌。56株分离株（每阳性1株）分12种血清型，主要为单相鼠伤寒沙门菌（mST）（28.5%）和乌干达沙门菌（26.7%）。鉴定出22个XbaI PFGE图谱，其中S. Infantis和S. Uganda具有较高的遗传多样性。较高比例的分离株对四环素（71.4%）和链霉素（62.5%）具有耐药性。观察到12种抗菌素多重耐药模式，特别是与鼠伤寒沙门氏菌分离株、婴儿沙门氏菌和mST相关。本研究是对厄瓜多尔大型屠宰场中肠球菌流行率的首次调查。研究结果将有助于更好地评估猪肉工业中肠球菌的流行病学以及相关的公共卫生风险。

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引用次数: 0

Dam vaccination for the prevention of neonatal diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli in calves-a systematic review and meta-analysis 预防犊牛产肠毒素大肠杆菌引起的新生儿腹泻：系统综述和荟萃分析

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100546

Chandler Higgs , Megan Van Noord , Jefferson Gabriel Carvalho Nagle , Jose Pablo Gomez , Erik Fausak , Gabriele Ute Maier

Diarrhea in neonatal calves caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a disease that negatively affects the welfare and production of cattle. We present a review of all literature published in 1950 and later, evaluating vaccine effectiveness and efficacy in protecting calves from diarrhea and death from infection with ETEC by vaccinating dams during gestation. Of 3677 citations identified, 61 were eligible for full text review. Data was extracted from 22 citations and separated into 3 subgroups: field trials, heterologous challenge trials, and homologous challenge trials. Field trials showed no evidence to support that vaccinating dams decreased the rate of death or diarrhea in calves under 14 days of age, but due to a limited number and quality of field trials that met our inclusion criteria, it is difficult to draw general conclusions from this finding. However, in both homologous and heterologous challenge trials, vaccines helped prevent death in study calves. The outcome diarrhea was eliminated from analysis in challenge trials due to unexplained statistical heterogeneity which may be caused by a variety of definitions for diarrhea. Very few studies included information on randomization, blinding, or funding sources. Based on funnel plots, some indication for publication bias exists for heterologous challenge trials, however, a sensitivity analysis using the trim and fill method did not change results. There is evidence for the efficacy of ETEC vaccination of dams in the prevention of neonatal calf death.

产肠毒素大肠杆菌（ETEC）引起的新生牛犊腹泻是一种对牛的福利和生产产生负面影响的疾病。我们回顾了1950年及以后发表的所有文献，评估了疫苗的有效性，以及通过在妊娠期接种疫苗保护犊牛免受腹泻和ETEC感染死亡的功效。在确定的3677条引文中，61条符合全文审查的条件。数据从22篇文献中提取，并分为3个亚组：野外试验、异源激发试验和同源激发试验。现场试验显示，没有证据支持接种疫苗可以降低14日龄以下犊牛的死亡率或腹泻率，但由于符合我们纳入标准的现场试验数量和质量有限，因此很难从这一发现中得出一般性结论。然而，在同源和异源攻击试验中，疫苗都有助于预防研究小牛的死亡。由于无法解释的统计异质性，腹泻从挑战试验的分析中被剔除，这可能是由于腹泻的各种定义造成的。很少有研究包含随机化、盲法或资金来源的信息。基于漏斗图，异种激发试验存在一些发表偏倚的迹象，但使用修剪和填充法的敏感性分析并未改变结果。有证据表明，接种ETEC疫苗对预防新生牛犊死亡有效。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling growth performance of heterogeneous rabbits in a pastured system using nonlinear, spline and random regression models 利用非线性、样条和随机回归模型模拟放牧系统中异种兔的生长性能

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100540

Hameed Akande Bashiru, Saidu Oyarekhua Oseni

Accurate modeling of growth trajectories is critical for decision-making in rabbit production, particularly under low-input systems. However, limited studies have evaluated the comparative performance of growth models for rabbits reared in such systems. This study evaluated the growth performance of heterogeneous rabbits using three modeling approaches. Weekly body weight records of 343 rabbits from birth to 20 weeks of age across four parities were analyzed. Four classical nonlinear models (Gompertz, Logistic, von Bertalanffy, and Richards) were fitted using the NLIN procedure of SAS®. Further, the REG procedure of SAS® was used to fit four linear spline models (SP3 to SP6) while four random regression models with varying variance-covariance structures (Compound Symmetry, Unstructured, Autoregressive, and Toeplitz) were also fitted to the growth data using the MIXED procedure of SAS®. There were significant effects of parity (p < 0.05) on growth, with kits from later parities consistently achieving higher body weights than those from earlier parities. Among nonlinear models evaluated, the von Bertalanffy model had the lowest AIC, ΔAIC, Akaike weight and BIC values and was therefore selected as the best fit model. However, all spline regression models performed poorly and consistently over-estimated body weight at all ages. Random regression analysis also showed that the Unstructured model had the best performance in terms of goodness-of-fit tests evaluated. The findings suggest that nonlinear models especially the von Bertalanffy and random regression models with flexible covariance structures provide more accurate and biologically interpretable fits than spline models for growth prediction in heterogeneous rabbits.

生长轨迹的准确建模对兔子生产决策至关重要，特别是在低投入系统下。然而，有限的研究评估了在这种系统中饲养的兔子的生长模型的比较性能。本研究采用三种建模方法评估异种家兔的生长性能。分析了4胎343只家兔从出生到20周龄的周体重记录。使用SAS®的NLIN程序拟合了四个经典非线性模型（Gompertz, Logistic， von Bertalanffy和Richards）。此外，使用SAS®的REG程序来拟合4个线性样条模型（SP3至SP6），同时使用SAS®的MIXED程序来拟合4个具有不同方差-协方差结构的随机回归模型（Compound Symmetry, Unstructured， Autoregressive和Toeplitz）。胎次对生长有显著影响（p < 0.05），较晚胎次的雏鸡体重始终高于较早胎次的雏鸡。在评价的非线性模型中，von Bertalanffy模型具有最低的AIC、ΔAIC、Akaike权值和BIC值，因此被选为最佳拟合模型。然而，所有的样条回归模型都表现不佳，并且始终高估了所有年龄段的体重。随机回归分析还表明，在拟合优度检验方面，非结构化模型具有最佳性能。研究结果表明，非线性模型，特别是von Bertalanffy模型和具有灵活协方差结构的随机回归模型，比样条模型在异种家兔的生长预测中提供了更准确和生物可解释性的拟合。

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引用次数: 0

The heart of the hair fiber: How the inner structure of the coat reflects adaptive variation across color, sex, age, and body region in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) 毛纤维的心脏：单峰骆驼（Camelus dromedarius）被毛的内部结构如何反映颜色、性别、年龄和身体部位的适应性变化

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100543

C. Iglesias Pastrana , E.C. Quispe Peña , E. Ciani , N. Cisneros Rodríguez , J.V. Delgado Bermejo , M.E. Camacho Vallejo

Understanding how hair fiber structure mediates thermal adaptation in desert animals still remains an unresolved question. In dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius), the coexistence of dark and white coat colors in hot deserts presents an adaptive paradox.. This study examined how the internal architecture of camel hair fibers—specifically the degree and type of medullation—varies with coat color, sex, age, and body region to assess their potential thermoregulatory significance. Hair samples from 138 Canarian dromedaries were analyzed using an automated medullation detection system and evaluated through non-parametric tests and generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs). Dark and white camels exhibited higher proportions of medullated fibers, suggesting structural adaptations that facilitate both insulation and heat dissipation. Males and dorsal regions (hump and tail) showed greater medullation than females and ventral regions, reflecting combined physiological and mechanical demands. Although age effects were weaker, medullation tended to increase with maturity. These results demonstrate that the dromedary coat operates as a multifactorial thermoregulatory system in which pigmentation, biological traits, and fiber architecture interact to maintain homeostasis under extreme heat. The findings provide new insight into the structural mechanisms resolving the adaptive paradox of dark and white camels in hot deserts.

了解毛纤维结构如何调节沙漠动物的热适应仍然是一个未解决的问题。在单峰骆驼（Camelus dromedarius）中，在炎热的沙漠中，深色和白色的皮毛共存呈现出一种适应性悖论。本研究考察了驼毛纤维的内部结构——特别是髓质的程度和类型——如何随着毛色、性别、年龄和身体部位的变化而变化，以评估其潜在的体温调节意义。采用自动调节检测系统对138头加那利单峰骆驼的毛发样本进行分析，并通过非参数检验和广义线性混合模型（glmm）进行评价。深色骆驼和白色骆驼显示出更高比例的有髓纤维，这表明结构上的适应有利于隔热和散热。雄性和背部（驼峰和尾巴）比雌性和腹部有更多的髓质调节，反映了生理和机械的综合需求。虽然年龄效应较弱，但随着年龄的增长，调节有增加的趋势。这些结果表明，单峰骆驼的皮毛是一个多因素的温度调节系统，其中色素沉着、生物特性和纤维结构相互作用，以维持极端高温下的体内平衡。这些发现为解决炎热沙漠中黑骆驼和白骆驼的适应悖论的结构机制提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0