The present study aimed to evaluate the acute phase proteins (serum amyloid A, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, and C-reactive protein) profile in canine and feline fetal fluids during the second half of gestation. Seventeen pregnant domestic short-hair queens and 19 pregnant mixed-breed bitches were enrolled. Animals were divided into three groups according to their gestational age (30–39, 40–49, and 50–60 days). After ovariohysterectomy and sample collection, the concentration of the mentioned APPs was measured by the ELISA method. There was an increasing trend in the concentration of APPs in canine fetal fluids alongside increasing pregnancy age, but these changes were not statistically significant. Canine amniotic SAA concentration was significantly higher than allantoic. The highest concentration of SAA and CRP in the feline fetal fluids was observed at days 40–49, and the maximum concentration of AGP was observed at days 50–60. For the first time, the current study investigated the APPs profile in canine and feline fetal fluids during pregnancy. The maximum concentration of APPs was observed at the end of canine pregnancy and at days 40–49 of feline pregnancy.
{"title":"Acute phase proteins in canine and feline fetal fluids during the second half of gestation","authors":"Hossein Sahraei , Asghar Mogheiseh , Fatemeh Doudmani , Nasrin Kazemipour , Saeed Nazifi","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study aimed to evaluate the acute phase proteins (serum amyloid A, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, and C-reactive protein) profile in canine and feline fetal fluids during the second half of gestation. Seventeen pregnant domestic short-hair queens and 19 pregnant mixed-breed bitches were enrolled. Animals were divided into three groups according to their gestational age (30–39, 40–49, and 50–60 days). After ovariohysterectomy and sample collection, the concentration of the mentioned APPs was measured by the ELISA method. There was an increasing trend in the concentration of APPs in canine fetal fluids alongside increasing pregnancy age, but these changes were not statistically significant. Canine amniotic SAA concentration was significantly higher than allantoic. The highest concentration of SAA and CRP in the feline fetal fluids was observed at days 40–49, and the maximum concentration of AGP was observed at days 50–60. For the first time, the current study investigated the APPs profile in canine and feline fetal fluids during pregnancy. The maximum concentration of APPs was observed at the end of canine pregnancy and at days 40–49 of feline pregnancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100415"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the veterinary field, the utility of disease-identification models that use comprehensive circulating microRNA (miRNA) profiles produced through measurements based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) remains unproven. To integrate NGS technology with automated machine learning (autoML) to create a comprehensive circulating miRNA profile and to assess the clinical utility of a disease-screening model derived from this profile. The study involved dogs diagnosed with or being treated for various diseases, including tumors, across multiple veterinary clinics (n = 254), and healthy dogs without apparent diseases (n = 91). miRNA was extracted from EDTA-treated plasma, and a comprehensive analysis was conducted of one million reads per sample using NGS. Then autoML technology was applied to develop a diagnostic model based on miRNA. Among these models, the one with the highest performance was chosen for evaluation. The diagnostic model, based on the comprehensive circulating miRNA profile developed in this study, achieved an AUC score of 0.89, with a sensitivity of 85 % and a specificity of 88 % for the disease samples. The miRNA-based diagnostic model demonstrated high sensitivity for disease groups and has the potential to be an effective screening test. This study indicates that a comprehensive miRNA profile in dog plasma could serve as a highly sensitive blood biomarker.
{"title":"Development of a sensitive disease-screening model using comprehensive circulating microRNA profiles in dogs: A pilot study","authors":"Kohei Omura , Kaori Ide , Masashi Takahashi , Yu Furusawa , Masanori Kobayashi , Yuichi Miyagawa , Aki Fujiwara-Igarashi , Takahiro Teshima , Yoshiaki Kubo , Akiko Yasuda , Karin Yoshida , Noriyuki Hayakawa , Masato Kobayashi , Yasuyuki Momoi","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the veterinary field, the utility of disease-identification models that use comprehensive circulating microRNA (miRNA) profiles produced through measurements based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) remains unproven. To integrate NGS technology with automated machine learning (autoML) to create a comprehensive circulating miRNA profile and to assess the clinical utility of a disease-screening model derived from this profile. The study involved dogs diagnosed with or being treated for various diseases, including tumors, across multiple veterinary clinics (<em>n</em> = 254), and healthy dogs without apparent diseases (<em>n</em> = 91). miRNA was extracted from EDTA-treated plasma, and a comprehensive analysis was conducted of one million reads per sample using NGS. Then autoML technology was applied to develop a diagnostic model based on miRNA. Among these models, the one with the highest performance was chosen for evaluation. The diagnostic model, based on the comprehensive circulating miRNA profile developed in this study, achieved an AUC score of 0.89, with a sensitivity of 85 % and a specificity of 88 % for the disease samples. The miRNA-based diagnostic model demonstrated high sensitivity for disease groups and has the potential to be an effective screening test. This study indicates that a comprehensive miRNA profile in dog plasma could serve as a highly sensitive blood biomarker.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100414"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a severe respiratory disease in cattle, caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides. It poses a major threat to cattle health and livestock productivity. We aimed to pool CBPP prevalence estimates from different regions of Ethiopia, assessing implications for cattle management and productivity. The review followed PRISMA guidelines and searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, HINARI, Google, and Google Scholar from January to February 2024. Funnel plots and Egger's regression tests were used to assess publication bias and small study effects. A pooled prevalence and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated using R software. Twenty-three studies, covering 52,373 cattle, showed high heterogeneity (I² = 99 %, p < 0.0001). The pooled CBPP prevalence in Ethiopia was 13 % (95 % CI: 7–21 %). Geographic differences, sampling methods, and cattle management practices influenced prevalence rates. There was no indication of publication bias (Egger's test, p = 0.618). Prevalence was highest in the eastern (18 %), western (15 %), northern (14 %), and southern (4 %) regions. The prevalence was 16 % post-2016, compared to 8 % before 2016. Meta-regression showed that study location, herd size, body condition, and publication year significantly impacted CBPP prevalence. Small herds had 59 % lower CBPP risk, and animals in poor condition had 2.34 times higher odds of CBPP. The findings suggest a changing prevalence trend and emphasize the need to update CBPP prevention and control policies.
{"title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in Ethiopian cattle","authors":"Melkie Dagnaw Fenta , Marshet Bazezew , Wassie Molla , Mebrie Zemene Kinde , Bemrew Admassu Mengistu , Haileyesus Dejene","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP<strong>)</strong> is a severe respiratory disease in cattle, caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides. It poses a major threat to cattle health and livestock productivity. We aimed to pool CBPP prevalence estimates from different regions of Ethiopia, assessing implications for cattle management and productivity. The review followed PRISMA guidelines and searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, HINARI, Google, and Google Scholar from January to February 2024. Funnel plots and Egger's regression tests were used to assess publication bias and small study effects. A pooled prevalence and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated using R software. Twenty-three studies, covering 52,373 cattle, showed high heterogeneity (I² = 99 %, <em>p</em> < 0.0001). The pooled CBPP prevalence in Ethiopia was 13 % (95 % CI: 7–21 %). Geographic differences, sampling methods, and cattle management practices influenced prevalence rates. There was no indication of publication bias (Egger's test, <em>p</em> = 0.618). Prevalence was highest in the eastern (18 %), western (15 %), northern (14 %), and southern (4 %) regions. The prevalence was 16 % post-2016, compared to 8 % before 2016. Meta-regression showed that study location, herd size, body condition, and publication year significantly impacted CBPP prevalence. Small herds had 59 % lower CBPP risk, and animals in poor condition had 2.34 times higher odds of CBPP. The findings suggest a changing prevalence trend and emphasize the need to update CBPP prevention and control policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We hypothesized that transportation might impact beef sensory quality, particularly as the distance between farms and the slaughterhouse increases. Specifically, we expected that pre-slaughter transport over longer distances would induce stress in the cattle, resulting in elevated ultimate pH and, consequently, reduced beef quality. Thus, this study aimed to specifically study the effects of transport in commercial conditions of Limousin cows from farms located in different areas of France to slaughter on ultimate pH (pHu) measured in the Longissimus thoracis muscle (LT), marbling (two major factors affecting eating quality) and the MSA Index (a global indicator of potential eating quality at the carcass level). Cattle were studied according to distance (<50 km; between 50 and 150 km; and between 150 and 250 km from the slaughterhouse) and according to transport time from the farm to the slaughterhouse (divided into short, moderate, and extended). We found that neither distance nor transport time significantly affected pHu of beef and the other studied parameters (cold carcass weight, meat color, MSA Marbling and MSA Index). Consequently, in our commercial conditions, we concluded that the effects of transport on beef carcasses and beef eating quality of Limousin cows are negligible.
{"title":"Does transport affect the eating quality potential of beef from Limousin cows in France? - A case study","authors":"Nathalia da Silva Rodrigues Mendes , Renato Rodrigues Silva , Moïse Kombolo-Ngah , Pierre-Philippe Rivet , Jerôme Tondusson , Tatianne Ferreira de Oliveira , Sghaier Chriki , Marie-Pierre Ellies-Oury , Jean-François Hocquette","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We hypothesized that transportation might impact beef sensory quality, particularly as the distance between farms and the slaughterhouse increases. Specifically, we expected that pre-slaughter transport over longer distances would induce stress in the cattle, resulting in elevated ultimate pH and, consequently, reduced beef quality. Thus, this study aimed to specifically study the effects of transport in commercial conditions of Limousin cows from farms located in different areas of France to slaughter on ultimate pH (pHu) measured in the <em>Longissimus thoracis</em> muscle (LT), marbling (two major factors affecting eating quality) and the MSA Index (a global indicator of potential eating quality at the carcass level). Cattle were studied according to distance (<50 km; between 50 and 150 km; and between 150 and 250 km from the slaughterhouse) and according to transport time from the farm to the slaughterhouse (divided into short, moderate, and extended). We found that neither distance nor transport time significantly affected pHu of beef and the other studied parameters (cold carcass weight, meat color, MSA Marbling and MSA Index). Consequently, in our commercial conditions, we concluded that the effects of transport on beef carcasses and beef eating quality of Limousin cows are negligible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100411"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100409
Siyuan Jia , Andrea R. McWhorter , Samiullah Khan , Nicky-Lee Willson , Daniel M. Andrews , Gregory J. Underwood , Kapil K. Chousalkar
One of the commonly used methods to control on-farm Salmonella outbreaks in the poultry industry is vaccination. Vaccine diluents may affect vaccine efficacy but there are limited studies on how different diluents affect the colonization of live, attenuated vaccines. In this study, buffered peptone water, Marek's diluent and water were used as the diluents to reconstitute the commercially available Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine (Vaxsafe® ST). The diluent reconstituted vaccine was then given to day-old layer hens to test its effects on gut colonization. The vaccine reconstituted in Marek's diluent and buffered peptone water had a significantly higher colonization rate at 7 days post-vaccination in liver, spleen, oesophagus, crop, and proventriculus. At 14 days post-vaccination, there was a significantly higher vaccine load in the upper digestive tract of chickens that received vaccine reconstituted in Marek's diluent and buffered peptone water. The Marek's diluent and buffered peptone water reconstituted vaccine had a higher detection rate in the chicken's liver and spleen. Colonisation with water as a diluent was higher than the others especially in the lower parts of the intestine at 7 days post-vaccination. There was non-significant variation in the antibody titers at 7- and 14-days post-vaccination. In general, the results demonstrated that the use of nutrient-rich diluents in reconstituting live, attenuated Salmonella vaccine can enhance vaccine colonization. This study establishes a foundation for future work aimed at optimising strategies for vaccine reconstitution, crucial for eliciting a robust immune response in the host.
{"title":"Effect of vaccine diluents on the colonization of Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine in chickens","authors":"Siyuan Jia , Andrea R. McWhorter , Samiullah Khan , Nicky-Lee Willson , Daniel M. Andrews , Gregory J. Underwood , Kapil K. Chousalkar","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the commonly used methods to control on-farm <em>Salmonella</em> outbreaks in the poultry industry is vaccination. Vaccine diluents may affect vaccine efficacy but there are limited studies on how different diluents affect the colonization of live, attenuated vaccines. In this study, buffered peptone water, Marek's diluent and water were used as the diluents to reconstitute the commercially available <em>Salmonella</em> Typhimurium vaccine (Vaxsafe® ST). The diluent reconstituted vaccine was then given to day-old layer hens to test its effects on gut colonization. The vaccine reconstituted in Marek's diluent and buffered peptone water had a significantly higher colonization rate at 7 days post-vaccination in liver, spleen, oesophagus, crop, and proventriculus. At 14 days post-vaccination, there was a significantly higher vaccine load in the upper digestive tract of chickens that received vaccine reconstituted in Marek's diluent and buffered peptone water. The Marek's diluent and buffered peptone water reconstituted vaccine had a higher detection rate in the chicken's liver and spleen. Colonisation with water as a diluent was higher than the others especially in the lower parts of the intestine at 7 days post-vaccination. There was non-significant variation in the antibody titers at 7- and 14-days post-vaccination. In general, the results demonstrated that the use of nutrient-rich diluents in reconstituting live, attenuated <em>Salmonella</em> vaccine can enhance vaccine colonization. This study establishes a foundation for future work aimed at optimising strategies for vaccine reconstitution, crucial for eliciting a robust immune response in the host.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100407
Ziyad Al-Kass , Sanna Eriksson , Jaana Peippo , Theodoros Ntallaris , Jane M. Morrell
Extraction of epididymal spermatozoa may be necessary to avoid losing valuable genetic material, for example, from individuals of rare breeds or endangered species, but the resulting sperm samples may be of poor quality. Two methods of extracting bull epididymal spermatozoa from slaughterhouse material were compared. The bulls were 16–23 months of age. Spermatozoa were extracted by making an incision one cm in length in the tail of the epididymis to allow the spermatozoa to flow out (method A), or by flushing the tail of epididymis (method B). The two methods were used for each bull, alternating between right and left epididymis, i.e. if method A was used for the left epididymis in Bull 1, it was used for the right epididymis in bull 2, etc. Sperm concentration in the extracted samples was adjusted to 69 × 106/mL in Andromed; the sperm sample was packed in 0.25 mL straws. After cooling for two h at 5 °C, the straws were placed 4 cm above liquid nitrogen for 20 min before transferring them to liquid nitrogen. Sperm motility, viability, reactive oxygen species, membrane integrity and DNA fragmentation were analysed in the fresh samples and again after thawing. The results for all parameters in fresh semen were not different between methods. Although sperm quality was lower in thawed samples than in fresh samples, there was no difference in sperm quality between the two extraction methods in the thawed samples. In conclusion, both methods are useful for the extraction of bull epididymal spermatozoa.
为了避免丢失宝贵的遗传物质，例如稀有品种或濒危物种的个体，可能需要提取附睾精子，但提取的精子样本质量可能很差。我们比较了从屠宰场材料中提取公牛附睾精子的两种方法。公牛的年龄为 16-23 个月。提取精子的方法是在附睾尾部切开一厘米长的切口，让精子流出（方法 A），或冲洗附睾尾部（方法 B）。对每头公牛使用这两种方法，交替使用左右附睾，即如果对公牛 1 的左侧附睾使用 A 方法，则对公牛 2 的右侧附睾使用该方法，等等。在 Andromed 中将提取样本中的精子浓度调整为 69 × 106/毫升；将精子样本装入 0.25 毫升吸管中。在 5 °C 下冷却两小时后，将吸管置于液氮上方 4 厘米处 20 分钟，然后将其转移到液氮中。对新鲜样本和解冻后的样本进行精子活力、存活率、活性氧、膜完整性和 DNA 片段分析。两种方法对新鲜精液中所有参数的检测结果均无差异。虽然解冻样本的精子质量低于新鲜样本，但两种提取方法提取的精子质量在解冻样本中没有差异。总之，这两种方法都适用于公牛附睾精子的提取。
{"title":"Comparison of two methods of extracting bull epididymal spermatozoa","authors":"Ziyad Al-Kass , Sanna Eriksson , Jaana Peippo , Theodoros Ntallaris , Jane M. Morrell","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extraction of epididymal spermatozoa may be necessary to avoid losing valuable genetic material, for example, from individuals of rare breeds or endangered species, but the resulting sperm samples may be of poor quality. Two methods of extracting bull epididymal spermatozoa from slaughterhouse material were compared. The bulls were 16–23 months of age. Spermatozoa were extracted by making an incision one cm in length in the tail of the epididymis to allow the spermatozoa to flow out (method A), or by flushing the tail of epididymis (method B). The two methods were used for each bull, alternating between right and left epididymis, i.e. if method A was used for the left epididymis in Bull 1, it was used for the right epididymis in bull 2, etc. Sperm concentration in the extracted samples was adjusted to 69 × 10<sup>6</sup>/mL in Andromed; the sperm sample was packed in 0.25 mL straws. After cooling for two h at 5 °C, the straws were placed 4 cm above liquid nitrogen for 20 min before transferring them to liquid nitrogen. Sperm motility, viability, reactive oxygen species, membrane integrity and DNA fragmentation were analysed in the fresh samples and again after thawing. The results for all parameters in fresh semen were not different between methods. Although sperm quality was lower in thawed samples than in fresh samples, there was no difference in sperm quality between the two extraction methods in the thawed samples. In conclusion, both methods are useful for the extraction of bull epididymal spermatozoa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100408
Mehrnaz Ardalan , Konner Cool , Natasha N. Gaudreault , Dashzeveg Bold , Anna Mannix , Gregg A. Hanzlicek , Juergen A. Richt , Roman M. Pogranichniy
Following the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019, several species of domestic and wild animals have been found to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection through experimental inoculation and animal surveillance activities. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in animals is an important surveillance tool since viral shedding in animals can only be detected for a short period of time. In this study, convenience serum samples were collected from 691 cattle, 698 sheep, and 707 goats from several regions in the United States, between 2019 and 2022. The samples were evaluated for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies using two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA); one based on the inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (sVNT) and the other based on the nucleocapsid protein (N-ELISA) of SARS-CoV-2. Positive samples from the sVNT were additionally evaluated using a conventional virus neutralization test (VNT) employing the Wuhan-like SARS-CoV-2 USA/WA1/2020 isolate. Our results indicate that ∼1 % (6/691) of cattle, ∼2 % (13/698) of sheep, and ∼2.5 % (18/707) of goat serum samples were positive when using the sVNT, whereas ∼4 % of cattle (25/691) and sheep (27/698), and 2.5 % (18/707) of goat serum samples tested positive with the N-ELISA. None of the sVNT positive cattle, sheep, or goat serum samples had detectable neutralizing antibody activity (<1:8) against the SARS-CoV-2 USA/WA1/2020 isolate by the VNT. Our results indicate low seropositivity in cattle, sheep, and goats in the U.S., indicating the importance to continue monitoring for SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in animal species that are in close contact with humans.
{"title":"Cattle, sheep, and goat humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Mehrnaz Ardalan , Konner Cool , Natasha N. Gaudreault , Dashzeveg Bold , Anna Mannix , Gregg A. Hanzlicek , Juergen A. Richt , Roman M. Pogranichniy","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Following the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019, several species of domestic and wild animals have been found to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection through experimental inoculation and animal surveillance activities. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in animals is an important surveillance tool since viral shedding in animals can only be detected for a short period of time. In this study, convenience serum samples were collected from 691 cattle, 698 sheep, and 707 goats from several regions in the United States, between 2019 and 2022. The samples were evaluated for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies using two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA); one based on the inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (sVNT) and the other based on the nucleocapsid protein (N-ELISA) of SARS-CoV-2. Positive samples from the sVNT were additionally evaluated using a conventional virus neutralization test (VNT) employing the Wuhan-like SARS-CoV-2 USA/WA1/2020 isolate. Our results indicate that ∼1 % (6/691) of cattle, ∼2 % (13/698) of sheep, and ∼2.5 % (18/707) of goat serum samples were positive when using the sVNT, whereas ∼4 % of cattle (25/691) and sheep (27/698), and 2.5 % (18/707) of goat serum samples tested positive with the N-ELISA. None of the sVNT positive cattle, sheep, or goat serum samples had detectable neutralizing antibody activity (<1:8) against the SARS-CoV-2 USA/WA1/2020 isolate by the VNT. Our results indicate low seropositivity in cattle, sheep, and goats in the U.S., indicating the importance to continue monitoring for SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in animal species that are in close contact with humans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100408"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Precise pregnancy detection is critical for optimizing reproductive efficiency in animals. In mice, the conventional copulation plug method for pregnancy confirmation lacks reliability, particularly in inbred strains, with false-pregnancy rates exceeding 50 %. Here, to improve pregnancy detection efficiency in mice, we examined vaginal cell population changes using vaginal smear technique and analyzed MMP-9 expression in vaginal tract from day 0.5 to 6.5 of pregnancy. A total of forty-four female mice in the estrus stage were paired with sexually mature male mice for natural mating. The morning after mating was considered as embryonic day 0.5 (E0.5). Vaginal cytology was used to determine the vaginal cells of pregnant and non-pregnant mice from day 0.5 to 6.5. Furthermore, the protein and gene expression of MMP-9 were assessed through the utilization of immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. Our findings reveal that pregnant mice display the higher number of leukocytes but the low number of nucleated/cornified epithelial cells in vagina compared to the non-pregnant counterparts. Furthermore, MMP-9 protein consistently presents in vaginal epithelial cells throughout the experimental period, with increased protein expression on day 4.5 of pregnancy followed by a decline on day 6.5 of pregnancy. This result is similar to MMP-9 gene expression, reaching the peak on day 5.5 of pregnancy. In conclusion, vaginal cytology proves effective for mouse pregnancy determination, while MMP-9 can serve as a potential biomarker for detecting pregnancy in mice.
{"title":"Determination of vaginal cytology and MMP-9 expression during early pregnancy in mice","authors":"Wilasinee Inyawilert , Che-Ming Liu , Yu-Jing Liao , Jakree Jitjumnong , Chalothon Amporn , Pin-Chi Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Precise pregnancy detection is critical for optimizing reproductive efficiency in animals. In mice, the conventional copulation plug method for pregnancy confirmation lacks reliability, particularly in inbred strains, with false-pregnancy rates exceeding 50 %. Here, to improve pregnancy detection efficiency in mice, we examined vaginal cell population changes using vaginal smear technique and analyzed MMP-9 expression in vaginal tract from day 0.5 to 6.5 of pregnancy. A total of forty-four female mice in the estrus stage were paired with sexually mature male mice for natural mating. The morning after mating was considered as embryonic day 0.5 (E0.5). Vaginal cytology was used to determine the vaginal cells of pregnant and non-pregnant mice from day 0.5 to 6.5. Furthermore, the protein and gene expression of MMP-9 were assessed through the utilization of immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. Our findings reveal that pregnant mice display the higher number of leukocytes but the low number of nucleated/cornified epithelial cells in vagina compared to the non-pregnant counterparts. Furthermore, MMP-9 protein consistently presents in vaginal epithelial cells throughout the experimental period, with increased protein expression on day 4.5 of pregnancy followed by a decline on day 6.5 of pregnancy. This result is similar to MMP-9 gene expression, reaching the peak on day 5.5 of pregnancy. In conclusion, vaginal cytology proves effective for mouse pregnancy determination, while MMP-9 can serve as a potential biomarker for detecting pregnancy in mice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100406"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100405
Navid Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh
This study aimed to gather published genetic parameter estimates for economically important traits in ducks through a meta-analysis utilizing the random-effects model. The present study used a dataset on genetic parameters of various duck traits, including 275 genetic correlation estimates and 233 heritability estimates from 31 studies published between 1988 and 2024. The heritability estimates for growth traits were generally low to high and varied from 0.154 (for body weight gain) to 0.405 (for body weight at first egg), respectively. Results showed that heritability estimates for egg production and quality traits were generally low to moderate, ranging from 0.119 (for egg shell strength) to 0.340 (for egg weight). The heritability estimates for feeding traits were generally moderate to high and varied from 0.266 (for residual feed intake) to 0.624 (for meal feed intake), respectively. The results indicate that there was a high genetic correlation (0.827, P < 0.05) between feed intake and residual feed intake, but low to moderate genetic correlations (P < 0.05) were found between feed intake and feed conversion ratio (0.318). The results of the current meta-analysis supported the hypothesis that these duck traits exhibit additive genetic variation. Genetic selection schemes for ducks may thus potentially take advantage of the available additive genetic variation in these traits. Furthermore, in cases where accurate estimates for economically significant traits in duck populations across the globe are unavailable, the average genetic parameter estimates presented in this meta-analysis can be used in breeding plans.
{"title":"A meta-analysis of genetic estimates for economically important traits in ducks","authors":"Navid Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to gather published genetic parameter estimates for economically important traits in ducks through a meta-analysis utilizing the random-effects model. The present study used a dataset on genetic parameters of various duck traits, including 275 genetic correlation estimates and 233 heritability estimates from 31 studies published between 1988 and 2024. The heritability estimates for growth traits were generally low to high and varied from 0.154 (for body weight gain) to 0.405 (for body weight at first egg), respectively. Results showed that heritability estimates for egg production and quality traits were generally low to moderate, ranging from 0.119 (for egg shell strength) to 0.340 (for egg weight). The heritability estimates for feeding traits were generally moderate to high and varied from 0.266 (for residual feed intake) to 0.624 (for meal feed intake), respectively. The results indicate that there was a high genetic correlation (0.827, P < 0.05) between feed intake and residual feed intake, but low to moderate genetic correlations (P < 0.05) were found between feed intake and feed conversion ratio (0.318). The results of the current meta-analysis supported the hypothesis that these duck traits exhibit additive genetic variation. Genetic selection schemes for ducks may thus potentially take advantage of the available additive genetic variation in these traits. Furthermore, in cases where accurate estimates for economically significant traits in duck populations across the globe are unavailable, the average genetic parameter estimates presented in this meta-analysis can be used in breeding plans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100405"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100403
Mohammad Mahdi Gooran , Ramin Mazaheri-Khameneh , Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Asl , Rahim Hobbenaghi
Recent advancements in minimally invasive osteosynthesis have improved atraumatic techniques for bone fracture fixation. Pedicle screws are implants primarily used for the internal fixation of the spine. To our knowledge, no studies have assessed the use of Pedicle screw-Rod for fixing long bone fractures or osteotomies. Our study aimed to assess the efficiency and performance of this implant as an external fixation method for experimentally induced tibial fractures, offering a novel surgical approach to tibial fixation. With approval from the Institutional Animal Care Committee, eight healthy, intact male dogs weighing 20–22 kg and aged 10–12 months of mixed breeds underwent aseptic surgical fixation of tibial osteotomies with Pedicle screw-Rod configuration using a minimally invasive medial approach to the tibia. All dogs were placed in the single treatment group. Postoperative clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed. The fixation device functioned effectively until removal. Lameness was fully resolved in all animals by 21 days post-operation. Clinical union occurred at 5.80 ± 1.30 weeks, while complete bone union was achieved at 11.40 ± 1.51 weeks after surgery. Postoperative mechanical medial proximal and distal tibial angles were, 92.00° (92.00°, 91.50°) and 93.40° ± 1.14°, respectively. The tibial valgus was 5.20° ± 1.48°, and tibial plateau angles measured 22.00° (23.00°, 22.00°). There were no significant differences noted when comparing values before and after the operation. Postoperative rotational alignment was anatomical, with satisfactory bone apposition. The study found that using a Pedicle Screw-Rod configuration for non-articular tibial osteotomy fixation is effective without significant complications.
{"title":"Assessment of Pedicle screw-Rod implantation as an external fixation method for tibial osteotomy in a canine model","authors":"Mohammad Mahdi Gooran , Ramin Mazaheri-Khameneh , Seyed Mohammad Hashemi-Asl , Rahim Hobbenaghi","doi":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vas.2024.100403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advancements in minimally invasive osteosynthesis have improved atraumatic techniques for bone fracture fixation. Pedicle screws are implants primarily used for the internal fixation of the spine. To our knowledge, no studies have assessed the use of Pedicle screw-Rod for fixing long bone fractures or osteotomies. Our study aimed to assess the efficiency and performance of this implant as an external fixation method for experimentally induced tibial fractures, offering a novel surgical approach to tibial fixation. With approval from the Institutional Animal Care Committee, eight healthy, intact male dogs weighing 20–22 kg and aged 10–12 months of mixed breeds underwent aseptic surgical fixation of tibial osteotomies with Pedicle screw-Rod configuration using a minimally invasive medial approach to the tibia. All dogs were placed in the single treatment group. Postoperative clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed. The fixation device functioned effectively until removal. Lameness was fully resolved in all animals by 21 days post-operation. Clinical union occurred at 5.80 ± 1.30 weeks, while complete bone union was achieved at 11.40 ± 1.51 weeks after surgery. Postoperative mechanical medial proximal and distal tibial angles were, 92.00° (92.00°, 91.50°) and 93.40° ± 1.14°, respectively. The tibial valgus was 5.20° ± 1.48°, and tibial plateau angles measured 22.00° (23.00°, 22.00°). There were no significant differences noted when comparing values before and after the operation. Postoperative rotational alignment was anatomical, with satisfactory bone apposition. The study found that using a Pedicle Screw-Rod configuration for non-articular tibial osteotomy fixation is effective without significant complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":37152,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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