Veterinary and Animal Science最新文献

Assessment of Pedicle screw-Rod implantation as an external fixation method for tibial osteotomy in a canine model 在犬模型中评估椎弓根螺钉-Rod 植入作为胫骨截骨外固定方法的效果

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100403

Recent advancements in minimally invasive osteosynthesis have improved atraumatic techniques for bone fracture fixation. Pedicle screws are implants primarily used for the internal fixation of the spine. To our knowledge, no studies have assessed the use of Pedicle screw-Rod for fixing long bone fractures or osteotomies. Our study aimed to assess the efficiency and performance of this implant as an external fixation method for experimentally induced tibial fractures, offering a novel surgical approach to tibial fixation. With approval from the Institutional Animal Care Committee, eight healthy, intact male dogs weighing 20–22 kg and aged 10–12 months of mixed breeds underwent aseptic surgical fixation of tibial osteotomies with Pedicle screw-Rod configuration using a minimally invasive medial approach to the tibia. All dogs were placed in the single treatment group. Postoperative clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed. The fixation device functioned effectively until removal. Lameness was fully resolved in all animals by 21 days post-operation. Clinical union occurred at 5.80 ± 1.30 weeks, while complete bone union was achieved at 11.40 ± 1.51 weeks after surgery. Postoperative mechanical medial proximal and distal tibial angles were, 92.00° (92.00°, 91.50°) and 93.40° ± 1.14°, respectively. The tibial valgus was 5.20° ± 1.48°, and tibial plateau angles measured 22.00° (23.00°, 22.00°). There were no significant differences noted when comparing values before and after the operation. Postoperative rotational alignment was anatomical, with satisfactory bone apposition. The study found that using a Pedicle Screw-Rod configuration for non-articular tibial osteotomy fixation is effective without significant complications.

微创骨合成技术的最新进展改进了骨折固定的无创伤技术。椎弓根螺钉是主要用于脊柱内固定的植入物。据我们所知，还没有研究评估过椎弓根螺钉-Rod 用于固定长骨骨折或截骨。我们的研究旨在评估该植入物作为实验诱导的胫骨骨折外固定方法的效率和性能，为胫骨固定提供一种新的手术方法。经机构动物护理委员会批准，8 只体重 20-22 千克、年龄 10-12 个月的健康完好的混种雄性犬接受了无菌手术固定胫骨截骨，使用椎弓根螺钉-Rod 配置，采用微创胫骨内侧入路。所有犬只均为单一治疗组。术后进行了临床和放射学评估。固定装置在拆除前一直有效。术后 21 天，所有动物的跛行症状都完全消失。临床骨结合发生在术后 5.80 ± 1.30 周，完全骨结合发生在术后 11.40 ± 1.51 周。术后机械性胫骨内侧近端和远端角度分别为 92.00° (92.00°, 91.50°) 和 93.40° ± 1.14°。胫骨外翻角度为 5.20° ± 1.48°，胫骨平台角度为 22.00°（23.00°，22.00°）。手术前后的数值比较没有明显差异。术后的旋转对位符合解剖学原理，骨结合情况令人满意。研究发现，使用椎弓根螺钉-Rod配置进行非关节胫骨截骨固定效果显著，且无明显并发症。

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引用次数: 0

Firework aversion in cats and dogs as reported by Dutch animal owners 荷兰动物主人报告的猫狗厌恶烟花的情况

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100402

Firework (noise) aversion is seen in cats and dogs relatively often and comes with a risk of animal welfare impairment. Affected animals may show behaviours like freezing, hiding, fleeing, but also inappropriate elimination, loss of appetite and (social) withdrawal. In The Netherlands, firework regulation has been a much-debated topic and we aimed to provide insight into how owners in this country report on their cat's or dog's firework aversion. We gathered reports on 3,009 dogs’ and 622 cats’ firework-related behaviours, exposure, animal (early life) characteristics and owner (dis)agreement with statements relating to firework aversion and animal guidance. We hypothesized that 1) suboptimal early life factors come with higher prevalence of firework aversion and 2) owners that report less firework aversion for their animal, agree more to the statement that owner behaviour affects an animal's future reactions to firework. Our findings confirm the first hypothesis for dogs and the second hypothesis for both species. Firework affects Dutch cats, dogs and their owners not just on New Year's Eve, but for multiple months a year: 64 % of the owners heard firework noise from September onwards. Suboptimal early life factors, of for instance not being noise habituated as a young animal came with higher prevalence of firework fear for dogs, but not cats and habituating particularly kittens seemed uncommon (4 % of kittens). Advice seeking was more common for dogs (54 %) than cats (23 %) with firework aversion. For both species reporting of lasting effects of therapeutic interventions was uncommon. <30 % of the most often applied interventions were reported to have a lasting mitigating effect on firework aversion. This may indicate a high importance of hereditary and early life preventive measures, but our respondents were not in high agreement with statements reflecting such importance. Although our study presents associative evidence only and was based on owner report, not on direct animal observations, we present attention points for future studies. One such attention point is a seemingly low awareness of the lifelong influence of an animal's early life factors. Studying how such awareness affects people that opt for a puppy or kitten as to facilitate acquisition decisions that may or may not come with firework resilient animals, may ultimately benefit animals that were in this study seen to experience firework aversion for multiple months a year, with limited long-term effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.

烟花（噪音）厌恶在猫和狗身上比较常见，并有可能导致动物福利受损。受影响的动物可能会表现出冷冻、躲藏、逃离等行为，也可能会出现不适当的排泄、食欲不振和（社交）退缩。在荷兰，烟花管制一直是一个备受争议的话题，我们旨在深入了解该国的主人是如何报告猫或狗对烟花的厌恶情绪的。我们收集了 3009 条狗和 622 只猫的烟花相关行为、接触情况、动物（早期生活）特征以及主人（不）同意烟花厌恶和动物指导相关声明的报告。我们的假设是：1）早期生活中的次优因素会导致更高的烟花厌恶程度；2）报告动物烟花厌恶程度较低的主人更同意 "主人的行为会影响动物未来对烟花的反应 "这一说法。我们的研究结果证实了狗的第一个假设和两种动物的第二个假设。烟花对荷兰猫、狗及其主人的影响不仅限于除夕夜，而是一年中的多个月：64%的主人从 9 月份开始就会听到烟花噪音。早期生活中的不良因素，例如幼年时没有养成噪音习惯，会导致狗对烟花的恐惧感增加，但猫不会，尤其是小猫，养成噪音习惯似乎并不常见（4% 的小猫）。狗（54%）比猫（23%）更常见烟花恐惧症。据报告，在最常使用的干预措施中，有 30% 对烟花厌恶有持久的缓解作用。这可能表明遗传和早期预防措施非常重要，但我们的受访者对反映这种重要性的说法并不十分认同。尽管我们的研究仅提供了联想证据，而且是基于主人的报告，而非直接的动物观察，但我们还是为今后的研究提出了注意点。其中一个注意点是，人们对动物早期生活因素对其一生的影响似乎认识不足。研究这种意识如何影响人们选择购买小狗或小猫的决定，以促进可能会或可能不会有烟花适应能力的动物的购买决定，最终可能会使动物受益，因为在本研究中，人们看到动物一年中有多个月会经历烟花厌恶，而治疗干预的长期效果有限。

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引用次数: 0

A study on subcutaneous infection model of colibacillosis in broilers: Selected immunological and hematological aspects 肉鸡大肠杆菌病皮下感染模型研究：免疫学和血液学方面的若干问题

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100401

Colibacillosis is still a major challenge to poultry industry. This study examined selected immune and hematological features of broilers experimentally infected with E. coli via subcutaneous (sc) route. Fifty-one 5-week-old chickens were randomly assigned to three groups: two controls (NC and SCC) and one experimental (SC) group. The SC group was inoculated by O2 E. coli suspension via sc route in the inguinal region. Three days after inoculation, blood sampling was performed. Bacterial count of liver was determined. Histopathological samples of liver, lung, spleen, thymus, and bursa were also collected. Serum total protein and globulin significantly increased in birds of SC group as compared to control birds (P < 0.05). Birds in SC group also showed decreased albumin/globulin ratio. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ remained statistically the same among groups. Lymphocytosis, monocytosis, thrombocytosis and heterophilia were present in SC group. Heterophils/lymphocytes ratio increased in SC birds. Left shift was observed in SC group with cells showing vacuolated cytoplasm that contained toxic granules. Histologically, lung involvement was less severe than liver. Lymphoid depletion was present in all examined lymphoid organs. E. coli growth was observed in liver samples from SC group but not in control birds. In conclusion, using sc route for induction of colibacillosis was associated with a systemic inflammatory response in broilers and histopathological lesions of thymus, bursa, and spleen three days post-infection. It seems that detection of changes in serum cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ) should be performed in earlier hours of the disease in this model.

大肠杆菌病仍是家禽业面临的一大挑战。本研究对通过皮下注射（sc）途径实验性感染大肠杆菌的肉鸡的免疫和血液学特征进行了研究。51 只 5 周龄的鸡被随机分配到三个组：两个对照组（NC 组和 SCC 组）和一个实验组（SC 组）。SC 组通过 sc 途径在腹股沟区域接种 O2 大肠杆菌悬浮液。接种三天后抽血。测定肝脏细菌数。还采集了肝、肺、脾、胸腺和法氏囊的组织病理学样本。与对照组鸟类相比，SC 组鸟类的血清总蛋白和球蛋白明显增加（P < 0.05）。SC组鸟类的白蛋白/球蛋白比率也有所下降。各组血清中的 IL-6、IL-10 和 IFN-γ 水平在统计学上保持不变。SC组出现淋巴细胞增多、单核细胞增多、血小板增多和嗜异性细胞增多。嗜异性细胞/淋巴细胞比率在 SC 组中升高。SC组观察到细胞左移，细胞胞质呈空泡状，含有毒性颗粒。从组织学角度看，肺部受累的程度不如肝脏严重。所有受检淋巴器官均出现淋巴细胞耗竭。在 SC 组鸟类的肝脏样本中观察到大肠杆菌生长，而在对照组鸟类的肝脏样本中未观察到大肠杆菌生长。总之，用 sc 途径诱导大肠杆菌病与肉鸡的全身炎症反应以及感染后三天胸腺、法氏囊和脾脏的组织病理学病变有关。在该模型中，似乎应在发病初期检测血清细胞因子水平（IL-6、IL-10 和 IFN-γ）的变化。

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引用次数: 0

Electrocardiogram assessment in long-eared hedgehogs (Hemiechinus auritus) following administration of anesthetics 长耳刺猬（Hemiechinus auritus）使用麻醉剂后的心电图评估

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100400

Anesthesia in animals is a crucial requirement for conducting surgery, diagnostic imaging, and other procedures when the animal cannot be safely managed in a conscious state. The present study aimed to compare the impact of different anesthetic techniques on the electrocardiogram of hedgehogs. The animals were given three different anesthetic combinations: ketamine + xylazine, ketamine + diazepam, and ketamine + midazolam. The study measured the heart rate, duration, and amplitude of the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave through bipolar II derivations. Normal sinus rhythm was observed following induction by all anaesthetic combinations; however, the combination of ketamine and xylazine resulted in a significant decrease in heart rate. The P wave was positive with different combinations of anesthetics. The mean amplitude of the P wave in hedgehogs anesthetized using ketamine+xylazine was significantly lower than when using ketamine+diazepam and ketamine+midazolam. The QRS polarity was positive in leads I, II, and aVF after anesthesia induced by all combinations. The duration and amplitude of the QRS complexes did not differ significantly between all combinations. Hedgehogs anesthetized with ketamine+midazolam revealed the highest amplitude of the QRS (0.23 mv), while in the ketamine+diazepam anesthetized group, lowest amplitude (0.18 mv) was observed. The T wave was positive in all leads except leads III and aVR. Animals anesthetized with ketamine + xylazine had the lowest amplitude (0.117 mv) and the longest duration (0.08 s) of the T waves. The findings suggest that ketamine+midazolam is the choice combination based on ECG evaluation in hedgehogs.

当动物无法在清醒状态下安全地进行手术、诊断成像和其他程序时，对动物进行麻醉是一项至关重要的要求。本研究旨在比较不同麻醉技术对刺猬心电图的影响。动物被注射了三种不同的麻醉组合：氯胺酮+恶嗪、氯胺酮+地西泮和氯胺酮+咪达唑仑。研究通过双极 II 衍射测量了心率、持续时间以及 P 波、QRS 波和 T 波的振幅。所有麻醉组合在诱导后都能观察到正常的窦性心律；但氯胺酮和异丙嗪的组合会导致心率显著下降。不同麻醉剂组合的 P 波均为阳性。使用氯胺酮+恶嗪麻醉刺猬时，P波的平均振幅明显低于氯胺酮+地西泮和氯胺酮+咪达唑仑。所有组合麻醉后，I、II 和 aVF 导联的 QRS 极性均为正性。QRS波群的持续时间和振幅在所有组合中没有显著差异。使用氯胺酮+咪达唑仑麻醉的刺猬的QRS波幅最高（0.23 mv），而氯胺酮+地西泮麻醉组的QRS波幅最低（0.18 mv）。除 III 和 aVR 导联外，所有导联的 T 波均为阳性。氯胺酮+恶嗪麻醉组动物的T波振幅最低（0.117 mv），持续时间最长（0.08 s）。研究结果表明，根据刺猬的心电图评估，氯胺酮+咪达唑仑是最佳的麻醉组合。

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引用次数: 0

Carbohydrase enzyme and polyethylene glycol altered the chemical composition, growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility of Prosopis juliflora pods meal diets fed to Boschveld chicken breed 碳水化合物酶和聚乙二醇改变饲喂博什维尔德鸡种的荚果粕日粮的化学成分、生长性能和表观养分消化率

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100399

This study was designed to evaluate how treating Prosopis juliflora pods with polyethylene glycol and carbohydrase enzyme will affect its chemical composition and how the inclusion of treated P. juliflora pods in Boschveld chicken's diets will affect growth performance and nutrient digestibility. Before P. juliflora pods were administrated to the diets, they were pre-treated with enzyme, PEG and a combination of both and analysed for their nutrient content. Five diets, namely PJPM1: commercial standard pullet grower diet as a control; PJPM2: commercial standard grower diet with untreated 30 % of P. juliflora; PJPM3: commercial standard grower diet with PEG treated 30 % of P. juliflora; PJPM4: commercial standard grower diet with carbohydrase enzyme treated 30 % of P. juliflora; PJPM5: commercial standard grower diet with PEG and carbohydrase enzyme treated 30 % of P. juliflora. A total of 300 six-week-old Boschveld chickens were used in this trial. After 42 days of feeding trial, three Boschveld chickens per replicate (n = 90) were randomly selected for the determination of nutrient digestibility. Results on the chemical composition of raw P. juliflora pods meal, pre-treated with enzyme, PEG and combination of both show significant difference (P < 0.05) in CP, Ash, NDF, CF, EE, Hemicellulose, NFC and NFE. Only overall feed intake shows significant different (P < 0.05) in all dietary treatments and all the measured parameters of nutrient digestibility. Enzyme and PEG positively contribute to the chemical composition, growth performance, and nutrient digestibility of diets containing P. juliflora fed to Boschveld chickens.

本研究旨在评估用聚乙二醇和碳水化合物酶处理荚果会如何影响其化学成分，以及在博什维尔德鸡日粮中添加处理过的荚果会如何影响生长性能和养分消化率。在日粮中添加荚果之前，先用酶、PEG 或两者的组合对其进行预处理，然后对其营养成分进行分析。五种日粮分别是：PJPM1：作为对照的商品小鸡标准生长日粮；PJPM2：商品标准生长日粮，其中 30% 的荚果未经处理；PJPM3：商品标准生长日粮，其中 30% 的荚果经过 PEG 处理；PJPM4：商品标准生长日粮，其中 30% 的荚果未经处理；PJPM5：商品标准生长日粮，其中 30% 的荚果经过 PEG 处理。PJPM4：使用碳水化合物酶处理 30% 的鹅掌楸的商品标准生长日粮；PJPM5：使用 PEG 和碳水化合物酶处理 30% 的鹅掌楸的商品标准生长日粮。本试验共使用了 300 只六周龄的 Boschveld 鸡。饲喂试验进行 42 天后，随机抽取每个重复（n = 90）的三只 Boschveld 鸡进行养分消化率测定。用酶预处理、PEG 预处理和两者结合预处理的荚果生粉的化学成分结果显示，CP、灰分、NDF、CF、EE、半纤维素、NFC 和 NFE 有显著差异（P < 0.05）。只有总采食量在所有日粮处理和所有营养物质消化率测定参数中都有显著差异（P < 0.05）。酶和 PEG 对饲喂 Boschveld 鸡的含鹅掌楸日粮的化学成分、生长性能和营养消化率有积极的促进作用。

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引用次数: 0

The influence of Quercetin on behavior, performance and splenic immunity in broiler chickens 槲皮素对肉鸡行为、生产性能和脾脏免疫力的影响

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100398

Quercetin (QRT), a potent flavonoid, holds immense mechanistic potential in enhancing various aspects of broiler chicken physiological status. This comprehensive study explores the profound еffеcts of QRT on behavior, productive performance, and immune functions, unraveling the underlying mechanisms behind its efficacy. Four hundred, one-day-old Cobb 500 chicks were placed randomly into 4 supplementation groups (100 birds /group and five replicates) and provided diets enriched with varying concentrations of QRT (0, 200, 400, and 600 ppm) for six weeks. Visual scanning revealed significant (P > 0.05) improvements in feeding and body care behaviors, accompanied by reduced instances of idleness and walking in the QRT-supplemented groups. Moreover, QRT supplementation exerted a substantial (P > 0.05) positive influence on weight gain, feed intake and the final body weight of the broilers. In-depth evaluation of immune parameters, QRT supplementation elicited significant (P > 0.05) enhancements in immune functions, including improved spleen, thymus, and bursa indices, enhanced secretion of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin A (IgA), and stimulated humoral immunity against sheep red blood cells (SRBCs). Furthermore, QRT displays potent antioxidant properties, as showed by diminished splenic malondialdehyde levels and augmented activity of antioxidative stress enzymes. Remarkably, QRT supplementation elicited dose-dependent upregulation (P < 0.001) of key immune-related genes, such as intеrlеukin-4 (IL-4), interferon-γ (INF-γ), Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the splenic tissue. Collectively, these mechanistic insights underscore the profound impact of QRT as a functional feed additive, fostering enhanced behavior, performance, and immune function in broiler chickens, while delivering robust antioxidant fortification.

槲皮素（QRT）是一种强效类黄酮，在改善肉鸡各方面生理状态方面具有巨大的机理潜力。这项综合研究探讨了槲皮素对行为、生产性能和免疫功能的深远影响，揭示了其功效背后的潜在机制。将 400 只一天龄的 Cobb 500 雏鸡随机分为 4 个添加组（100 只/组，5 个重复），并在日粮中添加不同浓度的 QRT（0、200、400 和 600 ppm），持续 6 周。肉眼扫描结果显示，添加 QRT 的组别在采食和身体护理行为方面有明显改善（P > 0.05），同时闲逛和走动的情况也有所减少。此外，补充 QRT 对肉鸡的增重、采食量和最终体重都有很大的积极影响（P > 0.05）。在免疫参数的深入评估中，添加 QRT 能显著（P > 0.05）提高免疫功能，包括改善脾脏、胸腺和法氏囊指数，增强免疫球蛋白 M（IgM）和免疫球蛋白 A（IgA）的分泌，以及刺激对绵羊红细胞（SRBC）的体液免疫。此外，QRT 还具有强大的抗氧化特性，这体现在脾脏丙二醛水平降低和抗氧化应激酶活性增强上。值得注意的是，补充 QRT 会引起脾脏组织中关键免疫相关基因剂量依赖性上调（P < 0.001），如肠白细胞介素-4（IL-4）、干扰素-γ（INF-γ）、Toll 样受体 2（TLR2）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）。总之，这些机理研究强调了 QRT 作为一种功能性饲料添加剂的深远影响，它能增强肉鸡的行为、性能和免疫功能，同时提供强大的抗氧化强化作用。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic effect of essential oils and chlorhexidine against planktonic and biofilm-forming cells of Malassezia pachydermatis 精油和洗必泰对马拉色菌浮游细胞和生物膜形成细胞的协同作用

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100397

Malassezia (M.) pachydermatis, is often associated with secondary infection of the skin and external auditory canal in dogs and cats. The treatment of Malassezia infections is based on the local application of antifungals often combined with antiseptics. Due to increased resistance of yeast to commonly used antimycotics, especially in biofilm-forming cells, the use of natural substances, e.g. plant essential oils, appears as a new promised option. In this study, the efficacy of selected plant essential oils (EO) – oregano, rosemary, bergamot, clove, cinnamon, and thyme – in combination with chlorhexidine on both planktonic and biofilm-forming cells of M. pachydermatis, was investigated. The checkerboard test was used to determine the effect of chlorhexidine combined with individual EOs. According to the FICI (fractional inhibitory concentration index) in planktonic cells, most combinations showed additive effect, except for thyme and rosemary EO, where a synergistic effect was found (33.3 % and 16.7 % respectively). In the biofilm-forming cells, a synergistic effect was noted in chlorhexidine combined with bergamot EO, recorded in 6 isolates (33.3 %), and with thyme and oregano EO, detected in 3 isolates (16.7 %). A significant decrease (p ˂ 0.05) was found in FIC (fractional inhibitory concentration) compared to MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration), for both planktonic and biofilm-forming cells. Based on the obtained results, we can conclude that the combination of chlorhexidine with EOs achieved better efficiency than when using each agent alone and made it possible to reduce the concentration of both, and a sufficient antifungal and antibiofilm effect was achieved in M. pachydermatis strains.

马拉色菌（M. Malassezia (M.) pachydermatis）通常与猫狗皮肤和外耳道的继发性感染有关。马拉色菌感染的治疗以局部使用抗真菌剂为主，通常与抗菌剂结合使用。由于酵母菌对常用抗霉菌药的耐药性增强，尤其是在生物膜形成细胞中，使用天然物质（如植物精油）似乎是一种新的可行选择。在这项研究中，研究人员考察了牛至草、迷迭香、佛手柑、丁香、肉桂和百里香等精选植物精油与洗必泰联合使用对柏氏真菌浮游细胞和生物膜形成细胞的疗效。采用棋盘试验来确定洗必泰与各种环氧乙烷结合使用的效果。根据浮游细胞中的 FICI（部分抑制浓度指数），除了百里香和迷迭香环氧乙烷具有协同作用（分别为 33.3% 和 16.7%）外，大多数组合都具有相加作用。在生物膜形成细胞中，洗必泰与佛手柑环氧乙烷的组合产生了协同效应，6 个分离物中发现了协同效应（33.3%），与百里香和牛至环氧乙烷的组合发现了协同效应，3 个分离物中发现了协同效应（16.7%）。与 MIC（最低抑制浓度）相比，浮游细胞和生物膜形成细胞的 FIC（部分抑制浓度）都有明显下降（p ˂ 0.05）。根据所获得的结果，我们可以得出结论：洗必泰与环氧乙烷的组合比单独使用每种药剂的效果更好，而且可以降低两种药剂的浓度，对柏氏菌菌株产生了足够的抗真菌和抗生物膜效果。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin A, D3, E, and garlic on heat detection, pregnancy rate, and serum profile in anestrus dairy cows 日粮中补充维生素 A、D3、E 和大蒜对发情奶牛的发情检测、妊娠率和血清概况的影响

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100396

Anestrus poses substantial challenges for dairy industries worldwide. This research aims to evaluate the effect of oral supplementation with garlic alone, vitamins A, D₃, E alone, and their combination on heat detection, pregnancy rate and serum profile in anestrus dairy cows. Using a completely randomized design, this study, conducted over 327 days, evaluated 72 anestrus-affected cows, which were divided into four groups. T₀ (Control) received only normal saline; T₁ with vitamin A,D₃,E; T₂ with Garlic and T₃ integrated with A, D₃, E + Garlic in drinking water. Results demonstrated that the treatment groups exhibited significantly higher estrus signs (p < 0.05) compared to the control. The pregnancy rate was also increased (P = 0.059), especially in the T₃ group which had the highest heat detection (55.55 %), conception (70 %), and pregnancy (38.88 %). In comparison, the heat detection rate for T₁ was 44.44 %, while the conception rate for T₂ was 66.66 %. Additionally, T₀ exhibited the least proportion across all parameters. Additionally, the elevated BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) and blood glucose levels observed in non-responsive (those not showing signs of heat) cows at 32.51 and 43.65 mg/dl respectively, compared to responsive cows (those showing signs of heat) with levels of 22.40 and 51.34 mg/dl. These findings suggest a potential association between these blood parameters and the cyclicity of dairy cows. These findings highlight that oral supplementation with vitamin AD₃E+Garlic significantly improves the heat detection rate and pregnancy rate than only administering vitamin AD₃E or Garlic with anestrus in dairy cattle.

发情给全球乳业带来了巨大挑战。本研究旨在评估单独口服大蒜补充剂、单独口服维生素 A、D3、E 以及它们的组合对发情奶牛的发情检测、妊娠率和血清概况的影响。本研究采用完全随机设计，在 327 天内对 72 头发情奶牛进行了评估，并将其分为四组。T0 组（对照组）只接受普通生理盐水；T1 组接受维生素 A、D3、E；T2 组接受大蒜；T3 组在饮用水中添加维生素 A、D3、E + 大蒜。结果表明，与对照组相比，治疗组的发情症状明显增加（P <0.05）。妊娠率也有所提高（P = 0.059），尤其是 T3 组的发情检测率（55.55 %）、受孕率（70 %）和妊娠率（38.88 %）最高。相比之下，T1 的发情检测率为 44.44%，而 T2 的受孕率为 66.66%。此外，T0 在所有参数中的比例最低。此外，无反应（未显示发情迹象）奶牛的 BUN（血尿素氮）和血糖水平分别为 32.51 毫克/分升和 43.65 毫克/分升，而有反应（显示发情迹象）奶牛的 BUN 和血糖水平分别为 22.40 毫克/分升和 51.34 毫克/分升。这些研究结果表明，这些血液参数与奶牛的周期性之间存在潜在联系。这些研究结果突出表明，在奶牛发情时口服维生素 AD3E+ 大蒜比只服用维生素 AD3E 或大蒜能显著提高发情检测率和妊娠率。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of green tea dust as a dietary additive and anthelminthic on performance, digestibility, and fecal egg counts in Priangan ewe lambs infected with Strongyles worms 绿茶粉作为日粮添加剂和驱虫药，对感染弓形虫的普里扬甘母羊的生产性能、消化率和粪便中虫卵数量的影响

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100395

Despite green tea dust (GTD) is a by-product of green tea fabrication, it has the potential as natural additive and anthelmintic in ruminant diets due to its high protein and bioactive contents. This study aimed to compare the effect of 3 different doses [0% (control), 0.75% (GTD-0.75), and 1.5% (GTD-1.5)] of GTD supplementation on dry matter intake (DMI, g/kg DM), average daily gain (ADG, g/kg DM), nutrient digestibility (%), and fecal egg counts (FEC, eggs/g feces) of local ewe lambs infected with Strongyles worms during 84 days feeding trial using a completely randomized design and six replicates (n = 6). The results showed that all lamb groups decreased body weight; however, GTD-1.5 supplemented lambs tended (P = 0.061) to have better ADG at the end of the trial compared to the other groups. In addition, GTD-1.5 supplemented lambs had lower (P < 0.05) FEC at day 42 and day 56 than those the control lambs. About 1.5% GTD supplementation in a diet has the potential as dietary additive and anthelmintic to maintain the productivity, health, and welfare in rearing lambs.

尽管绿茶粉（GTD）是绿茶制造过程中产生的副产品，但由于其蛋白质和生物活性含量高，因此有可能成为反刍动物日粮中的天然添加剂和驱虫药。本研究旨在采用完全随机设计和 6 次重复（n = 6）的方法，比较 3 种不同剂量（0%（对照组）、0.75%（GTD-0.75）和 1.5% （GTD-1.5））的 GTD 补充剂对当地感染斯特龙线虫羔羊 84 天饲养试验中干物质摄入量（DMI，克/千克 DM）、平均日增重（ADG，克/千克 DM）、营养物质消化率（%）和粪便虫卵计数（FEC，虫卵/克粪便）的影响。结果表明，所有羔羊组的体重都有所下降；但与其他组相比，添加 GTD-1.5 的羔羊在试验结束时的 ADG 有所提高（P = 0.061）。此外，与对照组相比，添加 GTD-1.5 的羔羊在第 42 天和第 56 天的 FEC 更低（P < 0.05）。在日粮中添加约 1.5% 的 GTD 可作为日粮添加剂和驱虫药来维持饲养羔羊的生产性能、健康和福利。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of Panax ginseng root meal as feed additive on reproductive performance of Cameroon kabir hens 三七根粉作为饲料添加剂对喀麦隆卡比尔母鸡繁殖性能的影响

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100392

The Cameroon Kabir chicken has several production traits which makes it desirable by many farmers and hobbyists. This study was aimed at evaluating the potential of P. ginseng as a feed additive in the diet of Cameroon kabir hens reared under intensive conditions. A total of 84 kabir chickens were weighed and assigned to four dietary treatments. The birds in T0 were fed the control diet (0 % PGRM), while those in T1, T2, T3, were fed diets containing 0.5, 0.75 and 1 % PGRM respectively. The results showed that there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the egg lay, egg mass and hen-day egg production of the birds between the 0.5 % and 0.75 % PGRM groups. The 0.75 % PGRM group recorded the highest mean egg weight, and it was significantly (p < 0.05) different from the other PGRM groups, but similar (p > 0.05) to the control. There was also a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the hatchability percent between the 0.5 % and 0.75 % treatments groups, with the 0.5 % group recording the highest hatchability percent of 65.14 %, and the 0.75 % group recording the least hatchability percent of 12.94 %. Results for the chick hatching weights showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between the 0.75 % PGRM group and the control. In conclusion, P. ginseng as a feed additive in the diet of Cameroon kabir hens at 0.5 % improved their reproductive performance, and also improved the survivability of their offspring better but not in the number of eggs laid by chicks

喀麦隆卡比尔鸡具有多种生产特性，因此受到许多农民和业余爱好者的青睐。本研究旨在评估人参作为集约化饲养条件下喀麦隆卡比尔鸡日粮添加剂的潜力。共对 84 只卡比尔鸡进行了称重，并将其分配到四个日粮处理中。T0处理的鸡饲喂对照日粮（0 % PGRM），T1、T2、T3处理的鸡分别饲喂含0.5%、0.75%和1% PGRM的日粮。结果表明，0.5 % 和 0.75 % PGRM 组的蛋鸡产蛋率、蛋重和母鸡日产蛋量差异显著（p < 0.05）。0.75 % PGRM 组的平均蛋重最高，与其他 PGRM 组有显著差异（p < 0.05），但与对照组相似（p > 0.05）。0.5 % 和 0.75 % 处理组的孵化率也有显著差异（p < 0.05），0.5 % 组的孵化率最高，为 65.14 %，0.75 % 组的孵化率最低，为 12.94 %。雏鸡孵化重量结果显示，0.75 % PGRM 组与对照组之间存在显著差异（p < 0.05）。总之，在喀麦隆卡比尔母鸡的日粮中添加 0.5 % 的人参可改善其繁殖性能，提高其后代的存活率，但不能提高雏鸡的产蛋量。

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引用次数: 0