Veterinary and Animal Science最新文献

Field performance of a point-of-care PCR platform for the detection of influenza A virus in growing pigs 在生长猪中检测甲型流感病毒的即时护理PCR平台的现场性能

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2026.100594

Everett W. Dalesio , Ting-Yu Cheng , Andrew S. Bowman , Sylvester Ochwo , Rachel A. Schambow , Maria Sol Pérez , Andres Perez , Andréia G. Arruda

Point-of-care (POC) testing involves conducting diagnostic assays near patients to enable rapid decision-making and timely intervention. To date, evaluation of POC devices under field conditions in veterinary medicine has been limited. The objective of this study was to describe the use and performance of a POC system in the field and with varying sample conditions using influenza A virus in swine. Seventy oral fluid samples were collected from ten swine farms and aliquoted into five treatments: portable PCR performed on farm (FARM), while driving (RIDE), after 24 h incubation at room temperature (RT), on ice (ICE), and as a gold standard, samples were also submitted for testing at the Ohio Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (LAB). Influenza A virus was detected at least in one oral fluid sample for six out of the ten farms sampled according to gold standard results; within-herd prevalence in positive farms varied from 16.7 to 100.0%. POC system’s Ct values were statistically associated with the gold standard results. POC tests showed high specificity, with median estimates ranging from 0.954 to 0.958 and 95% credible intervals (CrIs) consistently above 0.91. Sensitivity of POC tests varied more substantially, with the lowest observed in the ICE setting (median 0.805; 95% CrI: 0.607–0.945) and the highest in the RT setting (median 0.926; 95% CrI: 0.766–0.995). Our study showed that the POC PCR system was a promising method for on-site diagnostic testing, providing results consistent with official laboratory results.

即时检测（POC）涉及在患者附近进行诊断分析，以便快速决策和及时干预。迄今为止，在兽医学现场条件下对POC装置的评估有限。本研究的目的是描述POC系统在猪场和不同样本条件下使用甲型流感病毒的使用和性能。从10个养猪场采集了70份口液样本，分为5种处理方法：农场（farm）、开车时（RIDE）、室温（RT）、冰上（ice）孵育24小时后进行便携式PCR，并作为金标准，将样本提交俄亥俄州动物疾病诊断实验室（LAB）进行检测。在按金标准结果抽取样本的十个农场中，有六个至少在一个口服液样本中检出甲型流感病毒；阳性农场的群内流行率从16.7%到100.0%不等。POC系统的Ct值与金标准结果有统计学相关性。POC试验显示出高特异性，中位估计值范围为0.954 ~ 0.958,95%可信区间（CrIs）始终高于0.91。POC检测的敏感性差异更大，ICE组最低（中位数0.805;95% CrI: 0.607-0.945）， RT组最高（中位数0.926;95% CrI: 0.766-0.995）。我们的研究表明，POC PCR系统是一种很有前途的现场诊断检测方法，提供的结果与官方实验室结果一致。

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引用次数: 0

Dietary inclusion of beetroot (Beta vulgaris): Impacts on egg production, egg quality, and physiological status of commercial laying hens 饲粮中添加甜菜根对商品蛋鸡产蛋量、蛋品质和生理状态的影响

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100559

Mansur Ahmed , Kanon Das , Momotaj Hossen , Mohammad S Ataher , Jannatul M Momu , Md Aktaruzzaman , Mowdudul H. Talha , Abu Taher , Mohammad A Mamun , Sonjoy Sarkar , Shad Mahfuz

This study evaluated the effects of dietary beet root powder (BRP; Beta vulgaris) supplementation on egg production, egg quality, and physiological status of commercial laying hens. A total of 108 ISA Brown hens (40 weeks old) were randomly allocated into three dietary treatments: a control group (basal diet without BRP), BRP-0.5 % (basal diet with 0.5 % BRP), and BRP-1 % (basal diet with 1.0 % BRP) for eight weeks. Each treatment included 36 hens, divided into four replicates of nine birds. Supplementation with 1 % BRP significantly (P < 0.05) increased egg weight and egg mass compared with the control, without altering hen-day egg production, external, and internal quality of eggs. Meanwhile, BRP-1 % improved the feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05) without affecting the feed intake. Fatty acid analysis revealed a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in total saturated fatty acids, particularly in palmitic acid (C16:0) in the BRP-1 % group. Moreover, BRP-1 % showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in linolenic acid (C18:3, omega-3) and total omega-3 fatty acids relative to the other groups. Amino acid profiling showed the highest rise in glutamic acid, with BRP-1 % significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the control. Additionally, BRP-1 % supplementation significantly reduced (P < 0.05) serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels contrast to the control and BRP-0.5 % groups. Finally, this study suggests that 1 % BRP supplementation can be applied in laying hen diets to improve egg quality, egg yolk fatty acid profile, and lipid metabolism of laying hens without compromising health and egg production.

本试验旨在评价饲粮中添加甜菜根粉（BRP; Beta vulgaris）对商品蛋鸡产蛋量、蛋品质和生理状态的影响。选取108只40周龄的ISA褐蛋鸡，随机分为对照组（基础饲粮不含BRP）、BRP- 0.5%（基础饲粮含0.5% BRP）和BRP- 1%（基础饲粮含1.0% BRP） 3个饲粮处理，为期8周。每个处理36只母鸡，分为4个重复，每个重复9只鸡。与对照组相比，添加1% BRP显著（P < 0.05）提高了蛋重和蛋质量，但未改变母鸡日产蛋量、蛋的外部和内部品质。同时，brp - 1%在不影响采食量的情况下提高了饲料系数（P < 0.05）。脂肪酸分析显示，brp - 1%组总饱和脂肪酸显著减少（P < 0.05），特别是棕榈酸（C16:0）。此外，BRP-1 %组的亚麻酸（C18:3, omega-3）和总omega-3脂肪酸含量显著高于其他组（P < 0.05）。氨基酸谱显示谷氨酸升高幅度最大，BRP-1 %显著高于对照组（P < 0.05）。此外，与对照组和brp - 0.5%组相比，添加brp - 1%显著降低了血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯水平（P < 0.05）。综上所述，在不影响蛋鸡健康和产蛋量的前提下，蛋鸡饲粮中添加1%的BRP可改善蛋鸡的蛋品质、蛋黄脂肪酸谱和脂质代谢。

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引用次数: 0

From rumen to milk: Dietary polyphenols in dairy cows—A critical review 从瘤胃到牛奶：奶牛饲粮中的多酚——综述

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2026.100569

Lucrezia Forte , Nives Parabita , Marta Santoro , Francesco Longobardi , Giuseppe Natrella , John Quiñones , Eric N. Ponnampalam , Igor Tomasevic , Pasquale De Palo , Aristide Maggiolino

Polyphenols represent a large and structurally diverse family of plant secondary metabolites with bioactive properties. In ruminants, these compounds can influence rumen fermentation, microbial ecology, and nutrient metabolism, offering potential benefits for animal health, productivity, and environmental sustainability. This review synthesizes evidence on the fate of dietary polyphenols in dairy cows from ingestion to their possible secretion into milk. It outlines the main dietary sources and classes of polyphenols, their microbial biotransformations in the rumen, and subsequent host metabolism involving absorption, conjugation, and systemic circulation. Particular attention is given to the mechanisms of mammary uptake and secretion, where most compounds appear as conjugated metabolites such as glucuronides, sulfates, and urolithins rather than parent forms. Although the transfer efficiency from feed to milk is typically low, consistent detection of isoflavone derivatives, phenyl-γ-valerolactones, urolithins, and hippuric acid demonstrates the feasibility of diet-to-milk modulation. Factors affecting bioavailability and transfer include polyphenol structure, dietary matrix, dose, rumen microbiota composition, animal physiology, and feed processing. Advances in high-resolution analytical techniques have improved the characterization of these low-abundance metabolites, yet large variability among studies persists. In vivo studies indicate that polyphenol-derived metabolites in bovine milk occur at low ng/mL to low µg/mL levels, with compounds such as equol, enterolactone, urolithins, phenyl-γ-valerolactones and phenolic acids typically detected in the sub-micromolar range. Overall, dietary polyphenols offer promising opportunities to improve ruminant health and produce milk with enhanced functional quality, but quantitative and mechanistic research is still required to optimize feeding strategies and understand their contribution to milk bioactivity.

多酚类物质是具有生物活性的植物次生代谢物中一个庞大且结构多样的家族。在反刍动物中，这些化合物可以影响瘤胃发酵、微生物生态和营养物质代谢，为动物健康、生产力和环境可持续性提供潜在的益处。这篇综述综合了奶牛从摄入到可能分泌到牛奶中的饲粮多酚命运的证据。它概述了多酚的主要膳食来源和种类，它们在瘤胃中的微生物生物转化，以及随后的宿主代谢，包括吸收、结合和体循环。特别关注乳腺摄取和分泌的机制，其中大多数化合物表现为缀合代谢物，如葡萄糖醛酸盐、硫酸盐和尿石素，而不是亲本形式。尽管从饲料到牛奶的转移效率通常较低，但异黄酮衍生物、苯-γ-戊内酯、尿石素和马尿酸的一致检测表明，饲料到牛奶的调制是可行的。影响生物利用度和转移的因素包括多酚结构、饲粮基质、剂量、瘤胃微生物群组成、动物生理和饲料加工。高分辨率分析技术的进步改善了这些低丰度代谢物的表征，但研究之间仍然存在很大的差异。体内研究表明，牛奶中多酚衍生代谢物的含量在低ng/mL至低µg/mL之间，如马酚、肠内酯、尿石素、苯-γ-戊内酯和酚酸等化合物通常在亚微摩尔范围内检测到。综上所述，饲粮多酚为改善反刍动物健康和提高牛奶的功能质量提供了良好的机会，但仍需要定量和机理研究来优化饲养策略并了解其对牛奶生物活性的贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Dietary oils modulate inflammatory and oxidative responses in pigs: Associations with hepatic gene expression 膳食油调节猪的炎症和氧化反应：与肝脏基因表达的关系

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2026.100583

Fernanda Nery Ciconello , Christopher Keith Tuggle , Simara Larissa Fanalli , Bruna Pereira Martins da Silva , Luciana Salles de Freitas , Flaviana Miranda Gonçalves , Cristina Tschorny Moncau-Gadbem , Ana Sofia Martelli Chaib Saliba , Felipe André Oliveira Freitas , Izally Carvalho Gervásio , Severino Matias de Alencar , Júlio César de Carvalho Balieiro , James Eugene Koltes , Aline Silva Mello Cesar

Pigs are valuable animal models for metabolism. The impact of fatty acids (FAs) on lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses must be considered when analyzing the types of FAs present in edible oils. This study aimed to evaluate how diets containing soybean oil (SO), canola oil (CO), or fish oil (FO) influence cytokine levels and oxidative stress in liver and blood serum, reflecting local and systemic inflammation. Additionally, correlations with hepatic gene expression were assessed through weighted gene co-expression analysis. Twenty-seven male pigs were fed soybean meal and corn-based diets supplemented with 3% SO, CO, or FO for 98 days. Cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, were quantified in serum and liver using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Oxidative status in serum was evaluated using the ORAC assay and hypochlorous acid scavenging capacity. The CO diet increased IFN-γ in liver tissue and enhanced hypochlorous acid scavenging capacity, while the SO diet elevated IL-10 levels. Gene co-expression analysis revealed associations between cytokine levels and hepatic gene modules. The SO diet correlated positively with modules linked to IL-10 and TNF-α. The CO diet was associated with increased IFN-γ and decreased IL-6 and IL-18. The FO diet was negatively correlated with TNF-α. These results suggest that dietary oils modulate inflammatory and oxidative responses in pigs, with distinct patterns depending on fatty acid composition. The findings contribute to understanding how specific lipid profiles influence immune regulation and oxidative balance in metabolic studies using swine models.

猪是很有价值的代谢动物模型。在分析食用油中存在的脂肪酸类型时，必须考虑脂肪酸对脂质代谢和炎症反应的影响。本研究旨在评估含有大豆油（SO）、菜籽油（CO）或鱼油（FO）的饮食如何影响肝脏和血清中细胞因子水平和氧化应激，反映局部和全身炎症。此外，通过加权基因共表达分析评估与肝脏基因表达的相关性。27头雄性猪饲喂在豆粕和玉米基础饲粮中添加3% SO、CO或FO的试验饲粮，试验期98 d。采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）定量血清和肝脏中白细胞介素(IL)-10、干扰素(IFN)-γ、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-18和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α等细胞因子。用ORAC法和次氯酸清除能力评估血清氧化状态。CO饲粮增加了肝脏组织中IFN-γ的含量，增强了次氯酸清除能力，而SO饲粮提高了IL-10水平。基因共表达分析揭示了细胞因子水平与肝脏基因模块之间的关联。SO日粮与IL-10和TNF-α相关模块呈正相关。CO日粮与IFN-γ升高、IL-6和IL-18降低相关。鱼油日粮与TNF-α呈负相关。这些结果表明，饲粮油调节猪的炎症和氧化反应，其模式不同，取决于脂肪酸组成。这些发现有助于理解在猪模型的代谢研究中，特定的脂质谱如何影响免疫调节和氧化平衡。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of sterility testing procedures for laboratory animal rodent diets 实验动物啮齿动物饲料无菌检验程序的评价

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2026.100570

Jonathan W. Weeks, Jacqueline Locklear, Tanya E. Whiteside, David M. Kurtz

The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) recommend grinding or stomaching food for human consumption prior to Salmonella testing. The Quality Assurance Laboratory (QAL) at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) routinely tests all incoming, unsterilized rodent feed for Salmonella spp. and total microbial load prior to use. Currently, the QAL cultures intact feed pellets in sterile Thioglycolate enrichment broth that sits stationary in the incubator for seven days. Under these conditions, a natural ingredient pelleted feed does not break down thoroughly possibly preventing detection of viable microbes at the pellet center. The purpose of this study was to determine if grinding pelleted rodent feed improves the sensitivity of microbial detection. Our study compared bacterial growth from an unautoclaved and autoclaved, natural ingredient rodent diet (NIH-31) processed as intact pellets or ground feed. Our results indicate that grinding unautoclaved feed for total aerobic bacteria testing does increase the sensitivity of microbial detection. However, when the feed is appropriately sterilized, grinding the feed provides no added benefit.

美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）和美国农业部（USDA）建议在检测沙门氏菌之前将食物磨碎或消化。国家环境卫生科学研究所（NIEHS）的质量保证实验室（QAL）在使用前定期检测所有传入的未经消毒的啮齿动物饲料中的沙门氏菌和总微生物负荷。目前，QAL在无菌巯基乙酸盐富集肉汤中培养完整的饲料颗粒，在培养箱中固定放置7天。在这些条件下，天然成分颗粒饲料不会完全分解，可能会阻止在颗粒中心检测活菌。本研究的目的是确定粉碎颗粒饲料是否能提高微生物检测的灵敏度。我们的研究比较了未经高压灭菌和高压灭菌的天然成分啮齿动物饮食（NIH-31）作为完整颗粒或磨碎饲料加工的细菌生长情况。我们的研究结果表明，研磨未经高压灭菌的饲料进行总需氧细菌测试确实增加了微生物检测的敏感性。然而，当饲料经过适当的消毒后，研磨饲料没有任何额外的好处。

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引用次数: 0

Prokaryotic expression of the giant panda VEGFA gene and the preparation and characterization of its monoclonal antibodies 大熊猫VEGFA基因的原核表达及其单克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100551

Xiangyu Liu , Feiping Li , Shenfei Wang , Mengshi Zhang , Xianbiao Hu , Yuliang Liu , Rong Hou , Kailai Cai

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) plays a crucial role in angiogenesis and is closely associated with two major challenges in giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) conservation: reproductive disorders and cancer. To support the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools for this vulnerable species, this study aimed to generate and characterize monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to giant panda VEGFA. The VEGFA gene fragment (35–517) was cloned and expressed as a recombinant protein in Escherichia coli, which was used as an immunogen. Through hybridoma technology, four stable mAb-secreting cell lines were established, all producing IgG2b subclass antibodies. The obtained mAbs were first screened and characterized by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the recombinant VEGFA protein. Their specific recognition of the native VEGFA protein in various giant panda tissues and cells was subsequently confirmed by Western blot analysis. In conclusion, this study successfully generated mAbs against giant panda VEGFA, providing a valuable reagent for future studies on pregnancy complications and cancer in this species.

血管内皮生长因子A （VEGFA）在血管生成中起着至关重要的作用，并与大熊猫（Ailuropoda melanoleuca）保护的两大挑战：生殖障碍和癌症密切相关。为了支持这一脆弱物种的诊断和治疗工具的开发，本研究旨在生成和表征大熊猫VEGFA特异性单克隆抗体（mab）。克隆了VEGFA基因片段（35-517），并在大肠杆菌中表达为重组蛋白，作为免疫原。通过杂交瘤技术，建立了4株稳定的分泌单克隆抗体的细胞系，均产生IgG2b亚类抗体。首先利用重组VEGFA蛋白对获得的单抗进行筛选和间接酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）鉴定。随后通过Western blot分析证实了它们对大熊猫各种组织和细胞中天然VEGFA蛋白的特异性识别。综上所述，本研究成功生成了针对大熊猫VEGFA的单克隆抗体，为该物种的妊娠并发症和癌症的进一步研究提供了有价值的试剂。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Vernonia hymenolepis wash water as phytogenic prophylaxis for broiler chicken production 膜膜酸Vernonia （Vernonia hymenolepis）洗涤水在肉鸡生产中的植物性预防作用评价

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2026.100571

Divine Ewane , Lawrence Monah Ndam , Brandon Rahim Fongang Keubiwou , Boris Nghombuoche , Ewane Ekuh Bazil

Risk management in commercial broiler production requires prophylaxis to mitigate unforeseen metabolic and health risks. This study evaluated the efficacy of Vernonia hymenolepis Wash Water (VhWW), an agro-processing byproduct, as a natural, non-conventional prophylactic agent. A 42-day feeding trial with 264 Cobb 500 broiler chicks compared ad-libitum VhWW (from four varieties processed with or without salt) against conventional and control groups. Nutrient analysis confirmed green varieties were superior in protein and minerals, while salt processing significantly enhanced the antioxidant activity of purple varieties (P < 0.05). Crucially, the Negative Control (T11) exhibited severe metabolic instability, showing hypertriglyceridemia (Total Triglycerides 193.19 mg/dL), exceeding the normal range) and unacceptable performance uncertainty (worst starter FCR, best finisher FCR). This risk profile was present despite (T11) recording the best Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Conversely, most VhWW treatments successfully maintained Total Triglycerides and Total Cholesterol within the healthy physiological range, demonstrating a critical hepatoprotective and metabolic stabilizing effect. The optimal VhWW protocols (Green Sweet + Salt) achieved superior growth and FCR statistically comparable to controls, but without the high metabolic risk. Economically, VhWW treatments were statistically similar to the lowest-cost T11, offering a superior risk-adjusted return. In conclusion, VhWW is an efficacious, sustainable, and economically competitive prophylactic agent. The study recommends processing the Green Sweet variety with salt (T8) to maximize growth, economic, and metabolic benefits.

商业肉鸡生产中的风险管理需要预防，以减轻不可预见的代谢和健康风险。本研究评价了一种天然的、非传统的农业加工副产物水蛭洗水（Vernonia hymenolepis Wash Water, VhWW）的预防效果。对264只Cobb 500肉鸡进行了为期42天的饲粮试验，比较了任意添加或不添加盐的4个品种的VhWW与常规组和对照组的差异。营养分析证实，绿色品种在蛋白质和矿物质方面具有优势，而盐处理显著提高了紫色品种的抗氧化活性（P < 0.05）。关键是，阴性对照组（T11）表现出严重的代谢不稳定，表现出高甘油三酯血症（总甘油三酯193.19 mg/dL），超过正常范围)和不可接受的性能不确定性（最差的起始FCR，最好的结束FCR）。尽管（T11）记录了最佳的低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平，但这种风险状况仍然存在。相反，大多数VhWW治疗成功地将总甘油三酯和总胆固醇维持在健康的生理范围内，显示出关键的肝保护和代谢稳定作用。最佳的VhWW方案（绿甜+盐）在统计学上与对照相当，但没有高代谢风险。从经济角度来看，VhWW治疗在统计上与最低成本的T11治疗相似，提供了更高的风险调整回报。综上所述，VhWW是一种有效的、可持续的、具有经济竞争力的预防剂。该研究建议用盐（T8）加工绿色甜品种，以最大限度地提高生长、经济和代谢效益。

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引用次数: 0

The 1–1–1 technique: A modified novel approach to feline ovariohysterectomy with minimal incision, rapid recovery and antibiotic free outcomes 1-1-1技术：一种改进的猫卵巢子宫切除术新方法，切口小，恢复快，无抗生素效果

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2026.100582

Sohag Talukder , Saiful Islam Siddiqui , Johir Raihan , Jahaidul Islam Jowel , Rupon Islam Shuvo , Saiful Islam , Sultan Ahmed , A.T.M. Mahbub-E-Elahi

This study describes the development and clinical outcomes of the ''1–1–1 Technique'', a modified novel surgical approach for feline ovariohysterectomy. The technique is characterized by a single 0.5–0.7 cm incision, one suture each layer in the uterus, muscle, and skin with strict aseptic handling without the use of peri or postoperative antibiotics. A routine clinical case series involving client owned cats (n = 40) was performed using only intramuscularly (IM) ketamine and xylazine without any additional medications. A single left lateral flank incision of 0.5–0.7 cm was made in 2 inches below to the midline between the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebra, extending through the abdominal muscles and peritoneum. The ovarian and uterine pedicles were ligated, then the muscle layers and skin layers were sutured like a water drop using only one absorbable suture and ensuring effective hemostasis. Povidone-iodine was applied to each tissue layer during closure to maintain aseptic conditions. No intraoperative complications were observed, and mean surgical time was 14.6 ± 2.4 min. Postoperatively, cats resumed feeding and ambulation within hours, with complete wound healing by day 7. Importantly, zero infections or dehiscence occurred despite the elimination of antibiotics. Compared to conventional spay protocols requiring larger incisions (2–4 cm), longer recovery periods (10–14 days), this technique demonstrates substantial improvements in efficiency, safety, and patient comfort. These findings support the feasibility of antibiotic free elective feline surgeries and align with global antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Further multicenter studies with larger cohorts are recommended to validate these promising results.

本研究描述了“1-1-1技术”的发展和临床结果，这是一种改进的新型猫卵巢子宫切除术手术方法。该技术的特点是单切口0.5-0.7 cm，子宫、肌肉和皮肤每层一根缝合线，严格无菌处理，不使用围手术期或术后抗生素。常规临床病例系列涉及客户拥有的猫（n = 40），仅使用肌内注射（IM）氯胺酮和噻嗪，不使用任何其他药物。在第4、第5腰椎之间中线下方2英寸处，左侧腹单切口0.5-0.7 cm，穿过腹肌和腹膜。结扎卵巢和子宫蒂，然后用一根可吸收缝线将肌层和皮肤层像水滴一样缝合，确保有效止血。在封闭期间，将聚维酮碘涂抹于每一组织层，以保持无菌状态。术中无并发症，平均手术时间14.6±2.4 min。术后，猫在数小时内恢复进食和活动，伤口在第7天完全愈合。重要的是，尽管消除了抗生素，但没有发生感染或开裂。与需要更大切口（2-4厘米）、更长的恢复期（10-14天）的传统喷射术相比，该技术在效率、安全性和患者舒适度方面有了实质性的提高。这些发现支持无抗生素选择性猫手术的可行性，并与全球抗菌药物管理工作保持一致。建议进一步的多中心研究和更大的队列来验证这些有希望的结果。

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引用次数: 0

Spleen protective role, Antiplasmodial and Antioxidant activity of Polyalthia longifolia in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei parasite 长叶蓼对伯氏疟原虫感染小鼠的保脾作用、抗疟原虫及抗氧化活性

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2026.100568

Divine Avwerosuoghene Onobrudu , Joel Okpoghono , Joy Onyewonuwa Acha , Cyril Chukwudi Dunkwu , Kingsley Chinedu Enyi , Innocent Onyesom

Malaria is a potentially fatal illness that is mostly prevalent in tropical regions. Finding new compounds with antimalarial action can be facilitated through investigating medicinal plants. This study is aimed at determining the antioxidant properties, antimalaria and spleen protective role of Polyalthia longifolia in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Total of thirty six (36) Swiss albino BALB/c mice were used for the study and 30 were inoculated with P. berghei (NK 65 strain) malarial parasite. Graded doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day) of ethanol extract of P. longifolia (EEPL) leaves and standard drug, Artemether and Lumefantrine (lonart) (2 mg/kg/day) were used for the treatment of malaria mice. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis, and values were presented as percentage change ± SD. The results of this study showed that treatment of malaria with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day of EEPL, and Artemether and Lumefantrine (lonart) (2 mg/kg/day), steadily reduced parasitaemia of malaria mice. There was significant increase in GSH, GPx, CAT, SOD, TAC and ferritin in the spleen across treatment groups when compared with control. The spleens of malaria mice exhibited structural disorganization and remodelling which were regularised after treatment with the EEPL and lonart. However, treatment with the standard drug (lonart) had the highest survival rate, followed by the 400 mg/kg/day EEPL. In conclusion, EEPL treatment was able to control the macrophage response of mice erythrocytes infected with P. berghei. To pinpoint the exact mechanism causing these alterations, more research, such as characterizing the bioactive chemicals, might be required.

疟疾是一种潜在的致命疾病，主要在热带地区流行。通过研究药用植物可以促进发现具有抗疟作用的新化合物。本研究旨在研究长叶莲对感染伯氏疟原虫小鼠的抗氧化、抗疟和保脾作用。实验共选用36只瑞士白化BALB/c小鼠，其中30只接种伯氏疟原虫（NK 65株）。采用分剂量（100、200、400 mg/kg/d）的长叶乙醇提取物和标准药物蒿甲醚、甲苯胺（lonart）（2 mg/kg/d）治疗疟疾小鼠。采用单因素方差分析进行统计分析，数值以百分比变化±SD表示。本研究结果表明，用100、200和400 mg/kg/d的EEPL和蒿甲醚和甲氧苄啶（lonart）（2 mg/kg/d）治疗疟疾，可稳定降低疟疾小鼠的寄生虫血症。各治疗组脾脏GSH、GPx、CAT、SOD、TAC、铁蛋白含量均显著高于对照组。经EEPL和lonart治疗后，疟疾小鼠的脾脏出现结构紊乱和重构，并呈现出规律性。然而，使用标准药物（lonart）治疗的存活率最高，其次是400 mg/kg/天的EEPL。综上所述，EEPL治疗能够控制感染伯氏螺旋体的小鼠红细胞的巨噬细胞反应。为了查明导致这些变化的确切机制，可能需要进行更多的研究，例如描述生物活性化学物质的特征。

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引用次数: 0

Genetic and phenotypic evaluation of milk production in Khuzestani buffalo under intensive farming conditions 集约化养殖条件下Khuzestani水牛产奶的遗传和表型评价

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2026.100589

Kobra Karimi , Mohammad Taghi Beigi Nassiri , Mahmoud Amiri Roudbar , Alireza Jolazadeh

Understanding the productive potential of Khuzestani buffaloes is essential for improving dairy efficiency and supporting sustainable livelihoods in regions where this indigenous breed is central to agriculture. This study evaluated milk yield and genetic parameters of Khuzestani buffaloes managed under intensive farming conditions. A total of 33,521 test-day milk (TDM) records from 106 buffaloes collected between 2021 and 2025 were analyzed using polynomial mixed models adjusted for biological, environmental, and management effects. The 270-day milk yield (270DMY) was estimated, and variance components were derived using a Bayesian linear mixed model with Gibbs sampling. Average daily milk yield was 4.82 kg, with peak production observed between 50 and 75 days in milk and higher yields in animals milked without calves. The mean 270DMY was 1065 ± 355.8 kg, with a significant annual increase of 66.75 kg, indicating steady herd-level improvements. Genetic analysis revealed a moderate heritability for 270DMY (h² = 0.433) and a positive genetic trend of ∼28.5 kg/year in estimated breeding values, confirming measurable progress through selective breeding. As a first-step report focused on milk yield, we demonstrate substantial untapped genetic potential in Khuzestani buffalo and quantify key productivity drivers—milking type, season, parity, age at calving, and temperature. Overall, the findings provide the first comprehensive genetic evaluation of this indigenous population under standardized intensive farming with complete, verified management and pedigree records, establishing a framework for data-driven selection to enhance milk yield and resilience.

了解Khuzestani水牛的生产潜力对于提高乳制品效率和支持该本土品种对农业至关重要的地区的可持续生计至关重要。本研究评估了在集约化养殖条件下管理的Khuzestani水牛的产奶量和遗传参数。使用多项式混合模型对2021年至2025年间收集的106头水牛的33,521个测试日奶（TDM）记录进行了分析，并对生物、环境和管理影响进行了调整。估计270天产奶量（270DMY），并采用Gibbs抽样的贝叶斯线性混合模型推导方差成分。平均日产奶量为4.82公斤，产奶高峰在50至75天之间，未产犊的奶牛产奶量更高。平均270DMY为1065±355.8 kg，每年显著增加66.75 kg，表明畜群水平稳步提高。遗传分析显示，270DMY的遗传力中等（h²= 0.433），估计育种值为28.5 kg/年的正遗传趋势，证实了通过选择性育种取得的可测量进展。作为专注于产奶量的第一步报告，我们展示了Khuzestani水牛大量未开发的遗传潜力，并量化了关键的生产力驱动因素——挤奶类型、季节、胎次、产犊年龄和温度。总体而言，研究结果首次对标准化集约化养殖下的土著人口进行了全面的遗传评估，并具有完整的、经过验证的管理和系谱记录，为数据驱动的选择建立了框架，以提高产奶量和适应力。

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引用次数: 0