Veterinary and Animal Science最新文献

Dietary oils modulate inflammatory and oxidative responses in pigs: Associations with hepatic gene expression 膳食油调节猪的炎症和氧化反应：与肝脏基因表达的关系

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2026.100583

Fernanda Nery Ciconello , Christopher Keith Tuggle , Simara Larissa Fanalli , Bruna Pereira Martins da Silva , Luciana Salles de Freitas , Flaviana Miranda Gonçalves , Cristina Tschorny Moncau-Gadbem , Ana Sofia Martelli Chaib Saliba , Felipe André Oliveira Freitas , Izally Carvalho Gervásio , Severino Matias de Alencar , Júlio César de Carvalho Balieiro , James Eugene Koltes , Aline Silva Mello Cesar

Pigs are valuable animal models for metabolism. The impact of fatty acids (FAs) on lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses must be considered when analyzing the types of FAs present in edible oils. This study aimed to evaluate how diets containing soybean oil (SO), canola oil (CO), or fish oil (FO) influence cytokine levels and oxidative stress in liver and blood serum, reflecting local and systemic inflammation. Additionally, correlations with hepatic gene expression were assessed through weighted gene co-expression analysis. Twenty-seven male pigs were fed soybean meal and corn-based diets supplemented with 3% SO, CO, or FO for 98 days. Cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, were quantified in serum and liver using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Oxidative status in serum was evaluated using the ORAC assay and hypochlorous acid scavenging capacity. The CO diet increased IFN-γ in liver tissue and enhanced hypochlorous acid scavenging capacity, while the SO diet elevated IL-10 levels. Gene co-expression analysis revealed associations between cytokine levels and hepatic gene modules. The SO diet correlated positively with modules linked to IL-10 and TNF-α. The CO diet was associated with increased IFN-γ and decreased IL-6 and IL-18. The FO diet was negatively correlated with TNF-α. These results suggest that dietary oils modulate inflammatory and oxidative responses in pigs, with distinct patterns depending on fatty acid composition. The findings contribute to understanding how specific lipid profiles influence immune regulation and oxidative balance in metabolic studies using swine models.

猪是很有价值的代谢动物模型。在分析食用油中存在的脂肪酸类型时，必须考虑脂肪酸对脂质代谢和炎症反应的影响。本研究旨在评估含有大豆油（SO）、菜籽油（CO）或鱼油（FO）的饮食如何影响肝脏和血清中细胞因子水平和氧化应激，反映局部和全身炎症。此外，通过加权基因共表达分析评估与肝脏基因表达的相关性。27头雄性猪饲喂在豆粕和玉米基础饲粮中添加3% SO、CO或FO的试验饲粮，试验期98 d。采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）定量血清和肝脏中白细胞介素(IL)-10、干扰素(IFN)-γ、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-18和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α等细胞因子。用ORAC法和次氯酸清除能力评估血清氧化状态。CO饲粮增加了肝脏组织中IFN-γ的含量，增强了次氯酸清除能力，而SO饲粮提高了IL-10水平。基因共表达分析揭示了细胞因子水平与肝脏基因模块之间的关联。SO日粮与IL-10和TNF-α相关模块呈正相关。CO日粮与IFN-γ升高、IL-6和IL-18降低相关。鱼油日粮与TNF-α呈负相关。这些结果表明，饲粮油调节猪的炎症和氧化反应，其模式不同，取决于脂肪酸组成。这些发现有助于理解在猪模型的代谢研究中，特定的脂质谱如何影响免疫调节和氧化平衡。

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引用次数: 0

The 1–1–1 technique: A modified novel approach to feline ovariohysterectomy with minimal incision, rapid recovery and antibiotic free outcomes 1-1-1技术：一种改进的猫卵巢子宫切除术新方法，切口小，恢复快，无抗生素效果

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2026.100582

Sohag Talukder , Saiful Islam Siddiqui , Johir Raihan , Jahaidul Islam Jowel , Rupon Islam Shuvo , Saiful Islam , Sultan Ahmed , A.T.M. Mahbub-E-Elahi

This study describes the development and clinical outcomes of the ''1–1–1 Technique'', a modified novel surgical approach for feline ovariohysterectomy. The technique is characterized by a single 0.5–0.7 cm incision, one suture each layer in the uterus, muscle, and skin with strict aseptic handling without the use of peri or postoperative antibiotics. A routine clinical case series involving client owned cats (n = 40) was performed using only intramuscularly (IM) ketamine and xylazine without any additional medications. A single left lateral flank incision of 0.5–0.7 cm was made in 2 inches below to the midline between the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebra, extending through the abdominal muscles and peritoneum. The ovarian and uterine pedicles were ligated, then the muscle layers and skin layers were sutured like a water drop using only one absorbable suture and ensuring effective hemostasis. Povidone-iodine was applied to each tissue layer during closure to maintain aseptic conditions. No intraoperative complications were observed, and mean surgical time was 14.6 ± 2.4 min. Postoperatively, cats resumed feeding and ambulation within hours, with complete wound healing by day 7. Importantly, zero infections or dehiscence occurred despite the elimination of antibiotics. Compared to conventional spay protocols requiring larger incisions (2–4 cm), longer recovery periods (10–14 days), this technique demonstrates substantial improvements in efficiency, safety, and patient comfort. These findings support the feasibility of antibiotic free elective feline surgeries and align with global antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Further multicenter studies with larger cohorts are recommended to validate these promising results.

本研究描述了“1-1-1技术”的发展和临床结果，这是一种改进的新型猫卵巢子宫切除术手术方法。该技术的特点是单切口0.5-0.7 cm，子宫、肌肉和皮肤每层一根缝合线，严格无菌处理，不使用围手术期或术后抗生素。常规临床病例系列涉及客户拥有的猫（n = 40），仅使用肌内注射（IM）氯胺酮和噻嗪，不使用任何其他药物。在第4、第5腰椎之间中线下方2英寸处，左侧腹单切口0.5-0.7 cm，穿过腹肌和腹膜。结扎卵巢和子宫蒂，然后用一根可吸收缝线将肌层和皮肤层像水滴一样缝合，确保有效止血。在封闭期间，将聚维酮碘涂抹于每一组织层，以保持无菌状态。术中无并发症，平均手术时间14.6±2.4 min。术后，猫在数小时内恢复进食和活动，伤口在第7天完全愈合。重要的是，尽管消除了抗生素，但没有发生感染或开裂。与需要更大切口（2-4厘米）、更长的恢复期（10-14天）的传统喷射术相比，该技术在效率、安全性和患者舒适度方面有了实质性的提高。这些发现支持无抗生素选择性猫手术的可行性，并与全球抗菌药物管理工作保持一致。建议进一步的多中心研究和更大的队列来验证这些有希望的结果。

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引用次数: 0

Interactive effects of lysine restriction, vitamin fortification, and insoluble fiber on intestinal morphometry in broilers fed reduced-crude-protein diets 赖氨酸限制、维生素强化和不溶性纤维对低粗蛋白质饲粮肉鸡肠道形态的交互影响

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2026.100574

Ahmad Salahi , M.H. Shahir , Iraj Jafari Anarkooli , Zahra Abdi

This 2 × 2 × 2 + 1 factorial trial examined digestible lysine:CP (6.2 vs. 5.7%), vitamins (standard vs. enhanced), and fiber (0 vs. 0.5% Arbocel®) effects on jejunal morphometry in 756 male Ross 308 broilers (d10–40) fed 12% reduced-CP diets vs. control. Protein and lysine reduction had limited effects on overall intestinal dimensions, though jejunal length declined (P = 0.041). Insoluble fiber significantly enlarged cecal surface area (P = 0.023, +15.2%). Vitamin × fiber and lysine × fiber interactions significantly influenced intestinal segment weights and lengths (P < 0.05). CP reduction markedly decreased epithelial length (-12.3%), villus height (-10.5%), villus surface area (VSA) (-18.7%), and wall thickness (P ≤ 0.001), while lysine restriction alone had minimal impact except on crypt number (P = 0.002). Vitamin fortification enhanced epithelial length (+8.4%), villus height (+9.1%), and enterocyte count (+11.2%), in HV2F0 birds. Synergistic fiber × vitamin and fiber × lysine interactions significantly modulated epithelial structure (P < 0.05). AI-based ImageJ analysis outperformed Cell^ A, detecting 5.2% shorter villi and 10.9% deeper crypts, confirming its superiority in microstructural assessment. CP and lysine reductions altered goblet cell number and crypt dimensions, whereas fiber increased goblet cell area and ratios (+14.6%). Vitamin effects on goblet metrics were modest but significant (P = 0.032). In conclusion, while CP and lysine reduction perturbed jejunal microstructure, synergistic supplementation with vitamins and insoluble fiber effectively supported mucosal integrity, highlighting their compensatory role in maintaining gut health under protein-reduced conditions.

本2 × 2 × 2 + 1因子试验研究了756只雄性罗斯308肉鸡（10 - 40岁）饲喂12%降低粗蛋白质饲粮与对照组时，可消化赖氨酸：粗蛋白质（6.2 vs 5.7%）、维生素（标准vs强化）和纤维（0 vs 0.5% Arbocel®）对空肠形态的影响。蛋白质和赖氨酸的减少对整体肠道尺寸的影响有限，但空肠长度减少（P = 0.041）。不溶性纤维显著增大盲肠表面积（P = 0.023, +15.2%）。维生素x纤维和赖氨酸x纤维相互作用显著影响肠段重量和长度（P < 0.05）。CP减少显著降低了上皮长度（-12.3%）、绒毛高度（-10.5%）、绒毛表面积（-18.7%）和壁厚（P≤0.001），而赖氨酸限制对隐窝数量影响最小（P = 0.002）。在HV2F0家禽中，维生素强化使上皮长度（+8.4%）、绒毛高度（+9.1%）和肠细胞计数（+11.2%）增加。协同纤维与维生素和纤维与赖氨酸的相互作用显著调节上皮结构（P < 0.05）。基于人工智能的ImageJ分析优于Cell^ A，检测到5.2%的较短绒毛和10.9%的较深隐窝，证实了其在微观结构评估方面的优势。CP和赖氨酸的减少改变了杯状细胞的数量和隐窝的大小，而纤维增加了杯状细胞的面积和比例（+14.6%）。维生素对杯形指标的影响不大，但显著（P = 0.032）。综上所述，虽然CP和赖氨酸还原会扰乱空肠微观结构，但维生素和不溶性纤维的协同补充有效地支持了粘膜完整性，突出了它们在蛋白质减少条件下维持肠道健康的补偿作用。

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引用次数: 0

Taurine and Betaine, Alone and in Combination, Mitigate Lysis of Canine Erythrocytes in an In Vitro Model of Iron-Deficiency Anemia 牛磺酸和甜菜碱，单独或联合，减轻缺铁性贫血犬红细胞的溶解

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2026.100573

Yan Ma , Jiaxi Li , Yunliang Li , Haile Ma , Lei Lv

Dog anemia can result in symptoms such as lethargy, reduced appetite, weight loss, and dull coat, and in severe cases, it can become life-threatening. Currently available nutritional supplements for addressing anemia in pets often suffer from low bioavailability and significant side effects. This study investigates the effects of taurine and betaine on the survival and functionality of canine erythrocytes in vitro under conditions of nutritional anemia induced by the iron chelator desferrioxamine (DFO). Our findings indicate that taurine and betaine significantly enhance erythrocyte resilience and functionality in this specific in vitro model of nutritional anemia. Notably, this research sheds light on potential strategies for reducing lysis of canine RBCs in an in vitro model of iron deficiency.

狗贫血会导致嗜睡、食欲不振、体重减轻和被毛暗淡等症状，在严重的情况下，可能危及生命。目前可用于治疗宠物贫血的营养补充剂往往存在生物利用度低和显著副作用的问题。本研究探讨了牛磺酸和甜菜碱在铁螯合剂去铁胺（DFO）诱导的营养性贫血条件下对犬红细胞体外存活和功能的影响。我们的研究结果表明，牛磺酸和甜菜碱在这种特定的营养性贫血的体外模型中显著增强红细胞的恢复能力和功能。值得注意的是，这项研究揭示了在体外缺铁模型中减少犬红细胞溶解的潜在策略。

引用次数: 0

Optimizing South African giraffe Epididymal sperm preservation techniques" 优化南非长颈鹿附睾精子保存技术

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2026.100578

Ayanda Maqhashu , Willem Daffue , Charles Serrurier , Luther Mashilo , Edward Collin Albertyn , Francois Deacon

Giraffe populations have declined by 30–40% over the past three generations, resulting in local extinctions in many habitats. In contrast, the South African subspecies is stable and subject to culling in some reserves, creating opportunities for post-mortem gamete recovery to support conservation. This study evaluated the preservation potential of epididymal sperm collected from South African giraffe bulls. Paired testes from 12 bulls were collected post-mortem and placed at 5°C mobile fridge from the Sandveld Nature Reserve. Sperm was retrieved from the cauda epididymides by slicing immediately (n = 4), four hours (n = 4), six hours (n = 2), and eight hours post-mortem (n = 2). Samples were extended in tris-egg yolk (TEY) or Ark Biotechnology's proprietary flush buffer for liquid preservation at 4°C and cryopreservation. Sperm quality was assessed microscopically, and motility parameters were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. Sperm quality was maintained up to six hours post-mortem, with total motility exceeding 75%. A sharp decline occurred at eight hours (<20%). After 72 h at 4°C, Ark buffer preserved higher motility (62 ± 3.43%) than TEY (44 ± 3.21%). In contrast, TEY produced superior cryopreservation outcomes, with post-thaw motility of 70% immediately and 65 ± 2.55% after two hours, compared to Ark biotech buffer (25% and 0%, respectively). Epididymal sperm from giraffes can be effectively recovered up to six hours post-mortem without loss of quality. Ark Biotechnology's flush buffer is advantageous for short-term liquid preservation, while TEY is better suited for cryopreservation.

在过去的三代中，长颈鹿的数量下降了30-40%，导致许多栖息地的局部灭绝。相比之下，南非的亚种是稳定的，在一些保护区受到淘汰，为死后配子的恢复创造了机会，以支持保护。本研究评估了南非长颈鹿公牛附睾精子的保存潜力。12头公牛的成对睾丸在死后收集，并放置在Sandveld自然保护区的5°C移动冰箱中。通过立即（n = 4）、4小时（n = 4）、6小时（n = 2）和死后8小时（n = 2）切片从附睾尾提取精子。样品在三蛋黄（TEY）或Ark Biotechnology的专有冲洗缓冲液中延长，在4°C下进行液体保存和低温保存。显微镜下评估精子质量，并用双因素方差分析分析运动参数。精子质量在死后6小时内保持不变，总活动力超过75%。8小时时急剧下降（20%）。在4℃作用72 h后，Ark缓冲液的运动率（62±3.43%）高于TEY缓冲液（44±3.21%）。相比之下，与Ark生物技术缓冲液（分别为25%和0%）相比，TEY产生了更好的冷冻保存结果，解冻后立即运动性为70%，2小时后运动性为65±2.55%。长颈鹿的附睾精子可以在死后6小时内有效地恢复，而不会失去质量。Ark生物技术的冲洗缓冲液有利于短期液体保存，而TEY更适合冷冻保存。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of age and body weight on acclimation to electronic feeding stations of weaning lambs 断奶羔羊年龄和体重对电子饲养站适应的影响

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2026.100576

Henrietta Nagyné Kiszlinger, Miklós Szabari, György Kövér

The use of electronic and automatic feeders has become widespread in modern livestock farming for gathering precise data on individual animals. While these technologies are commonly used for pigs and dairy cattle, there is very limited information on their application in sheep. Specifically, the time it takes for lambs to acclimate to these new feeding stations remains largely unknown. The use of electronic feeders equipped with entry-exit gates was studied with weaned lambs. 36 Suffolk lambs were observed over a 48-hour period. Data on the first visit of the feeders and the frequency of visits were collected over a 48-hour period. Additionally, the feeder’s regular use, defined as visiting the feeder station for three consecutive days, was evaluated over an extended period. The animals were provided additional feed in troughs until the end of the second day of the study. All lambs (100 %) adapted to the electronic feeder without prior training within two days. Key findings revealed no significant difference between sexes in the time taken for the first feeder visit. However, the age (P = 0.048) and body weight (P = 0.035) of the lambs significantly influenced the initial visitation time, suggesting that younger/lighter individuals may approach the novel system sooner. Furthermore, 72.2 % of the lambs established regular feeder use from the first day. Further study is recommended to determine the extent to which the adaptation period is shortened without supplementary feed.

电子和自动喂食器的使用已经在现代畜牧业中广泛使用，以收集单个动物的精确数据。虽然这些技术通常用于猪和奶牛，但关于它们在绵羊中的应用的信息非常有限。具体来说，羔羊适应这些新的喂养站所需的时间在很大程度上仍然未知。在断奶羔羊身上研究了配备进出门的电子喂食器的使用。对36只萨福克羔羊进行了48小时的观察。在48小时内收集了喂食者第一次访问和访问频率的数据。此外，对馈线的常规使用（定义为连续三天访问馈线站）进行了较长时间的评估。在研究的第二天结束之前，这些动物在槽中被提供额外的饲料。所有羔羊（100%）在两天内适应了电子喂食器，无需事先训练。主要研究结果显示，在第一次喂食器访问所花费的时间上，性别之间没有显著差异。然而，羔羊的年龄（P = 0.048）和体重（P = 0.035）显著影响了初始访问时间，这表明更年轻/更轻的个体可能更早接近新系统。此外，72.2%的羔羊从第一天起就定期使用饲料。建议进一步研究确定不添加饲料能在多大程度上缩短适应期。

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引用次数: 0

Complementary effects of probiotics and stimbiotics inclusion on carcass traits, meat quality and antioxidant activity in broiler chickens exposed to cyclic heat stress 循环热应激下添加益生菌和刺激菌对肉鸡胴体性状、肉品质和抗氧化活性的影响

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2026.100575

R.M. Mokonyama , U. Marume , G. Moonsamy

This study assessed the complementary effects of probiotics and stimbiotics inclusion in diets on carcass traits and meat quality in broiler chickens exposed to cyclic heat stress. 600 day- old Cobb500 chicks were divided into five dietary groups; T1: Standard broiler diet, with no AGPs (NegControl); T2: Basal diet, with AGPs (PosControl); T3: Basal diet + 0.01% probiotics (Prob); T4: Basal diet + 0.01% stimbiotics (Stim) and T5: Basal diet + 0.01% (probiotics+ stimbiotics) (ProbStim). The birds were fed over a period of 42 days and then slaughtered for measurements of internal organs, carcass traits and meat quality attributes. The results revealed that dietary treatments had no effect on internal organs apart from the liver weight, duodenum and length of large intestine. Broiler chickens fed PosControl showed the heaviest liver, while those fed PosControl and ProbStim diets showed heavier duodenum weight. Carcass characteristics were not affected by diet apart from the wing weight. Broiler chickens fed Prob and ProbStim obtained heavier wing weight. With regards to meat quality, diet significantly (p < 0.05) affected the lightness (L*_i), yellowness (b*_i) and redness (a* _24hr). Diet also significantly influenced (p < 0.05) the antioxidant activity of the broiler meat on FRAP and TEAC assay. Prob and Stim individually showed high ferric ion reducing power, while on TEAC assay, NegControl and Prob showed the most efficient scavenger of radicals. The findings suggest that probiotics and stimbiotics can improve carcass traits and meat quality parameters in broilers while mitigating negative effects of heat stress.

本研究评估了饲粮中添加益生菌和刺激菌对循环热应激肉鸡胴体性状和肉品质的互补效应。600日龄Cobb500雏鸡分为5个饲粮组；T1：标准肉鸡日粮，不添加agp (NegControl)；T2：基础日粮，含AGPs (PosControl)；T3：基础日粮+ 0.01%益生菌（Prob）；T4：基础饲粮+ 0.01%的益生菌（Stim）和T5：基础饲粮+ 0.01%的益生菌+益生菌（ProbStim）。饲养42 d后屠宰，测定内脏器官、胴体性状和肉质性状。结果表明，饲粮处理对除肝脏重量、十二指肠和大肠长度外的其他脏器均无影响。饲粮饲喂PosControl的肉鸡肝脏重量最重，饲粮饲喂PosControl和ProbStim的肉鸡十二指肠重量最重。除翅重外，饲料对胴体性状无显著影响。饲喂Prob和ProbStim的肉鸡翅重较重。在肉质方面，饲粮显著（p < 0.05）影响了肉质的亮度（L*i）、黄度（b*i）和红度（a* 24hr）。在FRAP和TEAC试验中，饲粮对肉的抗氧化活性也有显著影响（p < 0.05）。Prob和Stim分别表现出较高的铁离子还原能力，而在TEAC试验中，NegControl和Prob表现出最有效的自由基清除剂。综上所述，饲粮中添加益生菌和刺激菌可以改善肉鸡胴体性状和肉品质参数，同时减轻热应激的负面影响。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of sterility testing procedures for laboratory animal rodent diets 实验动物啮齿动物饲料无菌检验程序的评价

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2026.100570

Jonathan W. Weeks, Jacqueline Locklear, Tanya E. Whiteside, David M. Kurtz

The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) recommend grinding or stomaching food for human consumption prior to Salmonella testing. The Quality Assurance Laboratory (QAL) at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) routinely tests all incoming, unsterilized rodent feed for Salmonella spp. and total microbial load prior to use. Currently, the QAL cultures intact feed pellets in sterile Thioglycolate enrichment broth that sits stationary in the incubator for seven days. Under these conditions, a natural ingredient pelleted feed does not break down thoroughly possibly preventing detection of viable microbes at the pellet center. The purpose of this study was to determine if grinding pelleted rodent feed improves the sensitivity of microbial detection. Our study compared bacterial growth from an unautoclaved and autoclaved, natural ingredient rodent diet (NIH-31) processed as intact pellets or ground feed. Our results indicate that grinding unautoclaved feed for total aerobic bacteria testing does increase the sensitivity of microbial detection. However, when the feed is appropriately sterilized, grinding the feed provides no added benefit.

美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）和美国农业部（USDA）建议在检测沙门氏菌之前将食物磨碎或消化。国家环境卫生科学研究所（NIEHS）的质量保证实验室（QAL）在使用前定期检测所有传入的未经消毒的啮齿动物饲料中的沙门氏菌和总微生物负荷。目前，QAL在无菌巯基乙酸盐富集肉汤中培养完整的饲料颗粒，在培养箱中固定放置7天。在这些条件下，天然成分颗粒饲料不会完全分解，可能会阻止在颗粒中心检测活菌。本研究的目的是确定粉碎颗粒饲料是否能提高微生物检测的灵敏度。我们的研究比较了未经高压灭菌和高压灭菌的天然成分啮齿动物饮食（NIH-31）作为完整颗粒或磨碎饲料加工的细菌生长情况。我们的研究结果表明，研磨未经高压灭菌的饲料进行总需氧细菌测试确实增加了微生物检测的敏感性。然而，当饲料经过适当的消毒后，研磨饲料没有任何额外的好处。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Vernonia hymenolepis wash water as phytogenic prophylaxis for broiler chicken production 膜膜酸Vernonia （Vernonia hymenolepis）洗涤水在肉鸡生产中的植物性预防作用评价

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2026.100571

Divine Ewane , Lawrence Monah Ndam , Brandon Rahim Fongang Keubiwou , Boris Nghombuoche , Ewane Ekuh Bazil

Risk management in commercial broiler production requires prophylaxis to mitigate unforeseen metabolic and health risks. This study evaluated the efficacy of Vernonia hymenolepis Wash Water (VhWW), an agro-processing byproduct, as a natural, non-conventional prophylactic agent. A 42-day feeding trial with 264 Cobb 500 broiler chicks compared ad-libitum VhWW (from four varieties processed with or without salt) against conventional and control groups. Nutrient analysis confirmed green varieties were superior in protein and minerals, while salt processing significantly enhanced the antioxidant activity of purple varieties (P < 0.05). Crucially, the Negative Control (T11) exhibited severe metabolic instability, showing hypertriglyceridemia (Total Triglycerides 193.19 mg/dL), exceeding the normal range) and unacceptable performance uncertainty (worst starter FCR, best finisher FCR). This risk profile was present despite (T11) recording the best Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Conversely, most VhWW treatments successfully maintained Total Triglycerides and Total Cholesterol within the healthy physiological range, demonstrating a critical hepatoprotective and metabolic stabilizing effect. The optimal VhWW protocols (Green Sweet + Salt) achieved superior growth and FCR statistically comparable to controls, but without the high metabolic risk. Economically, VhWW treatments were statistically similar to the lowest-cost T11, offering a superior risk-adjusted return. In conclusion, VhWW is an efficacious, sustainable, and economically competitive prophylactic agent. The study recommends processing the Green Sweet variety with salt (T8) to maximize growth, economic, and metabolic benefits.

商业肉鸡生产中的风险管理需要预防，以减轻不可预见的代谢和健康风险。本研究评价了一种天然的、非传统的农业加工副产物水蛭洗水（Vernonia hymenolepis Wash Water, VhWW）的预防效果。对264只Cobb 500肉鸡进行了为期42天的饲粮试验，比较了任意添加或不添加盐的4个品种的VhWW与常规组和对照组的差异。营养分析证实，绿色品种在蛋白质和矿物质方面具有优势，而盐处理显著提高了紫色品种的抗氧化活性（P < 0.05）。关键是，阴性对照组（T11）表现出严重的代谢不稳定，表现出高甘油三酯血症（总甘油三酯193.19 mg/dL），超过正常范围)和不可接受的性能不确定性（最差的起始FCR，最好的结束FCR）。尽管（T11）记录了最佳的低密度脂蛋白（LDL）水平，但这种风险状况仍然存在。相反，大多数VhWW治疗成功地将总甘油三酯和总胆固醇维持在健康的生理范围内，显示出关键的肝保护和代谢稳定作用。最佳的VhWW方案（绿甜+盐）在统计学上与对照相当，但没有高代谢风险。从经济角度来看，VhWW治疗在统计上与最低成本的T11治疗相似，提供了更高的风险调整回报。综上所述，VhWW是一种有效的、可持续的、具有经济竞争力的预防剂。该研究建议用盐（T8）加工绿色甜品种，以最大限度地提高生长、经济和代谢效益。

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引用次数: 0

From rumen to milk: Dietary polyphenols in dairy cows—A critical review 从瘤胃到牛奶：奶牛饲粮中的多酚——综述

IF 1.9 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Veterinary and Animal Science

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2026.100569

Lucrezia Forte , Nives Parabita , Marta Santoro , Francesco Longobardi , Giuseppe Natrella , John Quiñones , Eric N. Ponnampalam , Igor Tomasevic , Pasquale De Palo , Aristide Maggiolino

Polyphenols represent a large and structurally diverse family of plant secondary metabolites with bioactive properties. In ruminants, these compounds can influence rumen fermentation, microbial ecology, and nutrient metabolism, offering potential benefits for animal health, productivity, and environmental sustainability. This review synthesizes evidence on the fate of dietary polyphenols in dairy cows from ingestion to their possible secretion into milk. It outlines the main dietary sources and classes of polyphenols, their microbial biotransformations in the rumen, and subsequent host metabolism involving absorption, conjugation, and systemic circulation. Particular attention is given to the mechanisms of mammary uptake and secretion, where most compounds appear as conjugated metabolites such as glucuronides, sulfates, and urolithins rather than parent forms. Although the transfer efficiency from feed to milk is typically low, consistent detection of isoflavone derivatives, phenyl-γ-valerolactones, urolithins, and hippuric acid demonstrates the feasibility of diet-to-milk modulation. Factors affecting bioavailability and transfer include polyphenol structure, dietary matrix, dose, rumen microbiota composition, animal physiology, and feed processing. Advances in high-resolution analytical techniques have improved the characterization of these low-abundance metabolites, yet large variability among studies persists. In vivo studies indicate that polyphenol-derived metabolites in bovine milk occur at low ng/mL to low µg/mL levels, with compounds such as equol, enterolactone, urolithins, phenyl-γ-valerolactones and phenolic acids typically detected in the sub-micromolar range. Overall, dietary polyphenols offer promising opportunities to improve ruminant health and produce milk with enhanced functional quality, but quantitative and mechanistic research is still required to optimize feeding strategies and understand their contribution to milk bioactivity.

多酚类物质是具有生物活性的植物次生代谢物中一个庞大且结构多样的家族。在反刍动物中，这些化合物可以影响瘤胃发酵、微生物生态和营养物质代谢，为动物健康、生产力和环境可持续性提供潜在的益处。这篇综述综合了奶牛从摄入到可能分泌到牛奶中的饲粮多酚命运的证据。它概述了多酚的主要膳食来源和种类，它们在瘤胃中的微生物生物转化，以及随后的宿主代谢，包括吸收、结合和体循环。特别关注乳腺摄取和分泌的机制，其中大多数化合物表现为缀合代谢物，如葡萄糖醛酸盐、硫酸盐和尿石素，而不是亲本形式。尽管从饲料到牛奶的转移效率通常较低，但异黄酮衍生物、苯-γ-戊内酯、尿石素和马尿酸的一致检测表明，饲料到牛奶的调制是可行的。影响生物利用度和转移的因素包括多酚结构、饲粮基质、剂量、瘤胃微生物群组成、动物生理和饲料加工。高分辨率分析技术的进步改善了这些低丰度代谢物的表征，但研究之间仍然存在很大的差异。体内研究表明，牛奶中多酚衍生代谢物的含量在低ng/mL至低µg/mL之间，如马酚、肠内酯、尿石素、苯-γ-戊内酯和酚酸等化合物通常在亚微摩尔范围内检测到。综上所述，饲粮多酚为改善反刍动物健康和提高牛奶的功能质量提供了良好的机会，但仍需要定量和机理研究来优化饲养策略并了解其对牛奶生物活性的贡献。

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引用次数: 0