Evaluation of the Energy Potential of Agro-industrial Waste from Mangifera indica L. in Zamora, Mexico: Perspectives for the Management of Solid and Liquid Biofuels

A study of the energy potential from agro-industrial waste of Mangifera indica L. in the city of Zamora, Michoacán is presented, considering its use through solid biofuels. This research is composed of three stages: (a) the qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of the waste disposal of M. indica, spatiotemporally (b) the physicochemical characterization of the waste collected from 14 processing companies using characterization techniques, as well as proximal analysis of the moisture content, ash, volatiles, fixed carbon, and calorific value, and (c) estimation of the energy potential to spatially and temporally define the final energy disposition and possible use of the analyzed waste. The results show the ash content of mango residues below 3.5%, while the volatile material was 82.9%, the fixed carbon content was below 17%, and the polymeric compounds showed 27.24% cellulose, 10.46% for hemicellulose, and for lignin 5.78%. The presence of carbon was also identified in the order of 44.61%, hydrogen in 6.53%, oxygen in 48.11%, nitrogen of 0.74%, and the sulfur recorded was below the range of 0.01%. The calorific value was estimated from 17.5 to 19.28 MJ/kg; the available energy potential on the order of 0.5 TJ/day for 4 months. This proposal not only shows a case study of the bioenergy potential available, but it can also encourage addressing future research related to the use and valuation of agro-industrial waste, which, like in the Zamora region, there are many more in Mexico, and they are so diverse and productive that the energy potential is relevant.