北秦岭地层(中国中部)火山岩序列变质作用中的古生代造山运动金矿化:桐柏地区银洞坡金矿床的启示

IF 4.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Mineralium Deposita Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI:10.1007/s00126-024-01265-4
Ming-Chun Chai, Jian-Wei Li, Ya-Fei Wu, Xiao-Ping Xia, Huai-Yu He, Wei Fu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

世界范围内的新生代造山运动金矿床通常被认为是由海相碳质沉积岩变质脱落形成的。在这里,我们展示了秦岭造山带(中国中部)的银洞坡金矿床与晚古生代造山带火山岩变质作用(包括商丹洋的关闭)的基因相关。银洞坡的金矿化赋存于下古生代的变质火山岩-沉积岩序列中,主要以透镜状至层状矿体的形式出现,形成于三个成因阶段,分别以石英-红柱石-黄铁矿(第一阶段)、石英-碳酸盐-硫化物(第二阶段)和石英-方解石组合(第三阶段)为代表。第二阶段的金红石颗粒与含金黄铁矿共存,产生的 U-Pb 年龄为 395 ± 9 至 400 ± 13 Ma (2σ)。第一和第二阶段石英中的流体包裹体主要是富含二氧化碳(约 10 mol%)的含水流体,盐度较低(< 4.9 wt% NaCl 当量),总均化温度为 241 至 352 ºC,而第三阶段富含 H2O 的包裹体的温度值为 0.2 至 2.6 wt% NaCl 当量和 151 至 164 °C。根据对石英(Qz-1 至 Qz-4)氧同位素的二次离子质谱分析,计算得出的石英形成流体的 δ18Ofluid 值在第Ⅰ阶段为 1.3 至 7.0‰,在第Ⅱ阶段为-3.1 至 6.6‰,在第Ⅲ阶段为-9.6 至-3.7‰。这些数据表明,矿石流体起源于变质岩,经历了瑞利分馏和陨水侵入。在一些黄铁矿样品中,由于放射性 Ar* 的积累和 He 的损失,40Ar*/4He 比值变化很大(1.7-30.0),这可以归因于区域变质和变形。矿石硫化物的硫(δ34SV-CDT = -2.1-3.3‰)和铅(206Pb/204Pb = 17.008-17.152,207Pb/204Pb = 15.402-15.493,208Pb/204Pb = 38.254-38.564)同位素组成与变质岩主岩中黄铁矿的同位素组成一致。本文介绍的结果表明,银洞坡矿床的矿石流体以及推断出的金主要来源于早泥盆世秦岭碰撞造山作用下的区域变质和变形过程中的火山岩序列。银洞坡矿床是秦岭造山带首次发现的古生代造山型金矿床,对区域成矿作用和金矿勘探具有重要意义。
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Paleozoic orogenic gold mineralization from metamorphism of volcanic sequences in the North Qinling terrane (central China): Insights from the Yindongpo gold deposit in the Tongbai area

Phanerozoic orogenic gold deposits worldwide are commonly considered to be formed from metamorphic devolatilization of marine carbonaceous sedimentary rocks. Here we show that the Yindongpo gold deposit from the Qinling orogen (central China) is genetically associated with the metamorphism of volcanic rocks during the late Paleozoic orogeny, which involved the closure of the Shangdan ocean. Gold mineralization at Yindongpo is hosted in lower Paleozoic metavolcanic-sedimentary sequences and occurs mainly as lenticular to stratiform ore bodies that formed in three paragenetic stages represented by quartz-ankerite-pyrite (stage I), quartz-carbonate-sulfide (stage II) and quartz-calcite assemblages (stage III), respectively. Rutile grains coexisting with auriferous pyrite from stage II yield U–Pb ages of 395 ± 9 to 400 ± 13 Ma (2σ). Fluid inclusions in quartz of stages I and II are dominated by CO2-rich (~ 10 mol%) aqueous fluids with low salinities (< 4.9 wt% NaCl equivalent) and total homogenization temperatures ranging from 241 to 352 ºC, whereas the values for H2O-rich inclusions of stage III are 0.2 to 2.6 wt% NaCl equivalent and 151 to 164 °C. Based on secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis of oxygen isotopes of quartz (Qz-1 to Qz-4), the calculated δ18Ofluid values for the quartz-forming fluids are 1.3 to 7.0‰ in stage I, –3.1 to 6.6‰ in stage II, and –9.6 to –3.7‰ in stage III. These data indicate a metamorphic origin of ore fluids that underwent Rayleigh fractionation and incursion of meteoric water. The large variation in 40Ar*/4He ratios (1.7–30.0), caused by accumulation of radiogenic Ar* and He loss within some pyrite samples, can be ascribed to regional metamorphism and deformation. Ore sulfides have sulfur (δ34SV-CDT = –2.1 to 3.3‰) and lead (206Pb/204Pb = 17.008–17.152, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.402–15.493, and 208Pb/204Pb = 38.254–38.564) isotopic compositions that are consistent with those of pyrite in the metavolcanic host rocks. Results presented here suggest that the ore fluids and, by inference, gold of the Yindongpo deposit were derived primarily from the volcanic sequences during regional metamorphism and deformation in response to the Early Devonian Qinling collisional orogeny. The Yindongpo deposit represents the first recognized Paleozoic orogenic gold deposit in the Qinling orogen, and thus has important implications for regional metallogeny and gold exploration.

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来源期刊
Mineralium Deposita
Mineralium Deposita 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
11.00
自引率
6.20%
发文量
61
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: The journal Mineralium Deposita introduces new observations, principles, and interpretations from the field of economic geology, including nonmetallic mineral deposits, experimental and applied geochemistry, with emphasis on mineral deposits. It offers short and comprehensive articles, review papers, brief original papers, scientific discussions and news, as well as reports on meetings of importance to mineral research. The emphasis is on high-quality content and form for all articles and on international coverage of subject matter.
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