Properties and micronutrients status of hydromorphic soils overlying Ewekoro formation in Ogun State, Nigeria

The formation of soil depends on the properties of the parent material which invariably affect its nutrient status. The properties and micronutrients status of hydromorphic soils overlying Ewekoro formations in Obafemi-Owode Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria were evaluated. A detailed soil survey was carried out using the rigid grid survey and three profile pits were dug based on the identified mapping units, georeferenced, sampled, and described following FAO guidelines. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), means were separated by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT), and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficients were used to determine relationships between soil properties. Based on the findings, the soil colour was dominated by greyish brown (10YR4/2) with sub-angular blocky structure. Bulk density was < 1.65 g cm⁻³, soil pH was strongly to slightly acid (4.5–6.1), low to high organic carbon (6.1–21.9 g kg⁻¹), low to high total nitrogen (0.3–6.3 g kg⁻¹), low to moderately available phosphorus (0.34–13.40 mg kg⁻¹), low cation exchange capacity (1.74–4.18 cmol kg⁻¹), and high base saturation (62.9–77.7%). Both iron (20.49-270.29 mg kg⁻¹) and manganese (0.53–53.09 mg kg⁻¹) occurred at toxic levels, while copper (0.63–3.50 mg kg⁻¹) and zinc (0.51–10.36 mg kg⁻¹) were at moderate levels. There were significant positive correlations among the soil properties. In conclusion, the soils had low to moderate fertility and can release nutrients to plants due to high base saturation. Incorporation of organic and farmyard manures into the soils during tillage to enhance soils physical status, increase organic matter levels, and reduce metal toxicity is recommended.