The development of near-infrared hydrogen sulfide probes and its application in the past ten years

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is involved in the regulation of a variety of physiological processes in living organisms, such as cell signaling, vascular tone regulation, and inflammatory response. The present focus of research is the progression of highly efficient and highly sensitive near-infrared hydrogen sulfide fluorescent probes, which is fueled by the extensive examination of the biological function of hydrogen sulfide. These probes are not only expected to advance the understanding of the biological functions of hydrogen sulfide, but also provide important tools and methods for drug discovery, disease diagnosis and treatment, and other fields. Therefore, this review summarize the recent research progress of near-infrared fluorescent probes for the recognition of hydrogen sulfide based on azide reduction, nucleophilic substitution, and nucleophilic addition reactions, and discussed their application prospects in the detection and imaging of hydrogen sulfide in living organisms. This review provides researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the current status and future development direction of hydrogen sulfide fluorescent probes. Moreover, it will contribute to the development of the field of life sciences.