哥伦比亚可以从新西兰的养老金政策中吸取哪些经验教训?

Willis Ruiz Marin
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摘要

文章探讨了欠发达国家(如哥伦比亚)采用全民政策计划的可行性,如在发达国家(特别是新西兰)成功运作的全民政策计划。从 19 世纪开始,哥伦比亚和新西兰的养老金计划设计不同,结果也不同。我的结论是,有几个因素,如地理邻近模式、人口老龄化、财政可持续性和养老金支柱设计,可以使哥伦比亚成功采用第一养老金支柱。即便如此,哥伦比亚也需要应对一些挑战,如政策遗产、简单性、领取养老金的年龄、机构薄弱、人口规模和国土安全等,以确保其成功--特别是如何在不影响退休制度长期可持续性的情况下减少老年人口中的贫困。
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What pension policy lessons could Colombia draw from New Zealand?
The article addresses the feasibility that a less developed country, such as, Colombia might adopt a universal policy scheme, such as, the one that functions successfully in a developed nation, specifically, the one in New Zealand. Starting in the 19th century, the pension schemes in Colombia, and in New Zealand, were designed differently, and have resulted in different outcomes. I conclude that there are several factors, such as, geographic proximity pattern, ageing population, financial sustainability, and superannuation pillar design that would enable Colombia to adopt the first pension pillar successfully. Even so, there are also some challenges, such as, policy legacy, simplicity, pensionable age, institutional weakness, population size, and homeland security that Colombia will need to address to ensure its success – specifically how to decrease poverty among the elderly population without affecting the long-term sustainability of the retirement system.
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