Maximum power optimization of a direct-drive wind turbine connected to PMSG using multi-objective genetic algorithm

This work aimed to develop and evaluate a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control system for a wind energy conversion system (WECS) based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). PMSG is commonly used to generate direct-drive and variable-speed wind energy. Initially, the generator and converter on the DC load side are controlled to follow the wind speed reference set by the MPPT algorithm. The paper presents the optimization problem formulation, including the optimization space, constraints, and objectives. The genetic algorithm (GA) is used to extract the maximum power from the WECS in this design improvement. In this study, to control and stabilize the maximum power point (MPP) of the wind turbine, a proportional integral (PI) controller and a GA heuristic approach were utilized. The GA approach was employed to determine the best settings (Kp, Ki) using MATLAB/Simulink with a 12.3 kW PMSG to model and simulate the proposed system. Based on four performance indicators-integrated squared error (ISE), integrated absolute error (IAE), integrated time absolute error (ITAE), and integrated time squared error (ITSE), the GA approach was used to optimize the controller settings. The results of the simulation show that the wind turbine (WT) can effectively track the necessary MPP. The simulation's output also includes generated power, DC bus voltage, electromagnetic torque, and currents.