Cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of epigallocatechin gallate on bladder cancer: A comprehensive systematic review

Background

Bladder cancer is a common type of cancer that originates in the cells of the bladder. Research studies have indicated that green tea has positive effects on human health, including its ability to combat cancer. Catechins, which account for 12–25 percent of the dried weight of green tea, are one of its main components. In this study, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to examine the effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on bladder cancer.

Method

The study followed the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statements . We searched various databases including Web of Sciences, PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, Scopus, and the Cochrane databases, up until October 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the data and assessed the risk of bias. After applying the inclusion criteria, a total of 34 studies were included in the analysis.

Results

The evidence from the study indicates that EGCG can regulate the progression of bladder cancer through various mechanisms. These mechanisms include reducing inflammation, decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), managing oxidative stress (OS), inhibiting angiogenesis, suppressing cancer cell proliferation, controlling the cell cycle, inducing autophagy, stimulating tumor gene suppressors (TGS), and promoting apoptosis.

Conclusion

Based on the substantial beneficial effects of EGCG on bladder cancer progression, it has the potential to be used as a therapeutic approach. However, it is important to note that there is a lack of clinical trials involving human subjects. Therefore, further research involving human participants is necessary to reach a more precise conclusion.