电磁质量的物理意义和 4/3 问题

Vladimir Onoochin
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摘要

本文分析了所谓 "4/3-问题 "的一个方面,即经典电子的电磁质量定义。文章指出,如果狭义相对论对电磁质量的定义--电磁场能量与飞行速度平方的比值--被考虑这一问题的科学家们正确地对待,那么源自汤姆逊的第二个定义,即粒子的电磁动量与其速度的比例系数,则具有另一种物理意义。弗伦克尔在其古典电动力学教科书中解释了这一含义。根据这位科学家的观点,第二电磁质量实际上是经典电子的自感,或者说是经典电子的磁场对该粒子速度变化的反应。因此,这两个物理量具有不同的含义,将一个质量的表达式还原为第二个质量的表达式的尝试一直没有成功。
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Physical meaning of electromagnetic mass and 4/3-problem
In this article one aspect of the so-called '4/3-problem' is analyzed, namely definitions of the electromagnetic mass of the classical electron. It is shown that if the special relativity definition of the electromagnetic (EM) mass as the ratio of the electromagnetic field energy to the square of the speed of light is correctly treated by the scientists who considered this probem, the second definition, which originated with Thomson, i.e. a coefficient of proportionality of the EM momentum of the particle and its velocity has another physical meaning. This meaning was explained by Frenkel in his textbook on clssical electrodynamics. According to this scientist, the second EM mass is actualy a self-inductance of the classical electron or the reaction of its magnetic field to a change in the velocity of this particle. Consequently, these two physical quantities have different meanings, and attempts to reduce the expression for one mass to an expression for the second mass have always been unsuccessful.
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