Quantifying the Pore Heterogeneity of Alkaline Lake Shale during Hydrous Pyrolysis by Using the Multifractal Method

Distinguishing itself from marine shale formations, alkaline lake shale, as a significant hydrocarbon source rock and petroleum reservoir, exhibits distinct multifractal characteristics and evolutionary patterns. This study employs a combination of hydrous pyrolysis experimentation, nitrogen adsorption analysis, and multifractal theory to investigate the factors influencing pore heterogeneity and multifractal dimension during the maturation process of shale with abundant rich alkaline minerals. Utilizing partial least squares (PLS) analysis, a comparative examination is conducted, elucidating the disparate influence of mineralogical composition on their respective multifractal dimensions. The findings reveal a dynamic evolution of pore characteristics throughout the maturation process of alkaline lake shale, delineated into three distinct stages. Initially, in Stage 1 (200 °C to 300 °C), both ΔD and H demonstrate an incremental trend, rising from 1.2699 to 1.3 and from 0.8615 to 0.8636, respectively. Subsequently, in Stages 2 and 3, fluctuations are observed in the values of ΔD and D, while the H value undergoes a pronounced decline to 0.85. Additionally, the parameter D1 exhibits a diminishing trajectory across all stages, decreasing from 0.859 to 0.829, indicative of evolving pore structure characteristics throughout the maturation process. The distinct alkaline environment and mineral composition of alkaline lake shale engender disparate diagenetic effects during its maturation process compared with other shale varieties. Consequently, this disparity results in contrasting evolutionary trajectories in pore heterogeneity and multifractal characteristics. Specifically, multifractal characteristics of alkaline lake shale are primarily influenced by quartz, potassium feldspar, clay minerals, and alkaline minerals.