环境(不)公正与后政治时代

Ekaterina Gladkova
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摘要

粮食生产在挑战不断升级的环境破坏方面发挥着至关重要的作用。它也是分析环境(不)公正及其在环境决策中的认可和参与的肥沃土壤。研究环境正义的学者对后政治及其对挑战生态破坏现状的能力的影响关注有限。本文通过对北爱尔兰农村养猪业集约化的案例研究,创新性地将环境正义视角与有关后政治条件的文献相结合。北爱尔兰一直在推行鼓励肉类生产增长和集约化的政策,导致集约化农场急剧增加。由此产生的污染已经并将继续引发环境正义问题。文章利用 2018 年 11 月至 12 月为期 2 个月的实地调查的定性数据显示,当地社区关于如何组织农业生产的想法没有得到认可。他们对环境决策的参与也沦为一种空洞的仪式;形式上的参与并没有转化为对决策结果的真正影响。在后政治格局中,环境正义问题变得更加难以解决;环境决策成为服务于资本主义运作的一种手段,扼杀了围绕新自由主义增长议程的争议,排除了有意义地改变生态破坏现状的可能性。
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Environmental (in)justice and the post-political
Food production plays a crucial role for challenging the escalating environmental breakdown. It is also a fertile ground for analysing environmental (in)justice and its components of recognition and participation in environmental decision-making. Scholars of environmental justice have paid limited attention to the post-political and its implications for the ability to challenge the ecologically destructive status quo. This article innovatively combines environmental justice perspective with the literature on the post-political condition, using the case study of pig farming intensification in rural Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland has been driving policy to encourage growth and intensify its meat production, resulting in a sharp rise of intensive farms. The resulting pollution have and continue generating environmental justice concerns. Using qualitative data from a 2-month fieldwork in November-December 2018, the article shows that local community’s ideas around how farming should be organised were not recognised. Their participation in environmental decision-making was also reduced to an empty ritual; formal inclusion did not translate into a genuine impact on the decision-making outcome. In the post-political landscape, environmental justice concerns become harder to address; environmental decision-making becomes a means of serving the operations of capitalism, stifling disputes around the neoliberal growth agenda, and precluding possibilities for a meaningful change of the ecologically destructive status quo.
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