New discovery of 3.84−3.64 Ga diverse granitoids in eastern Hebei, North China Craton: Petrogenesis and significance

Eoarchean rocks are scarce worldwide, limiting our understanding of Earth’s early history. This contribution presents the field geology, sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb zircon dating, Nd-Hf-O isotopic analysis, and whole-rock geochemical study of Eoarchean granitoids newly discovered in the Labashan area, eastern Hebei, North China Craton. Eoarchean rocks, including 3838−3754 Ma trondhjemitic gneisses (4 samples), 3786−3773 Ma granodioritic gneisses (4 samples), 3775 Ma quartz monzonite gneiss (1 sample), and 3786−3640 Ma potassic granite gneisses (3 samples), are identified in a tract 1 km long. They are in tectonic contact with 3.4−3.1 Ga supracrustal rocks, with both occurring as enclaves in 2.5 Ga potassic granite. The trondhjemitic gneisses show low (La/Yb)N values (23.4−56.8) and insignificant Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.86−1.24). Compared with the trondhjemitic gneisses, the granodioritic gneisses and quartz monzonite gneiss have lower (La/Yb)N ratios (9.2−11.3) and lower Eu/Eu* values (0.62−0.79). The potassic granites have (La/Yb)N ratios of 20.7−55.2 and Eu/Eu* values of 0.75−1.84. Zircon saturation temperatures of the granitoids range from 667 °C to 878 °C. They have whole-rock εNd(t) of −4.6 to 1.0 and tCHUR(Nd) of 4.3−3.6 Ga, and zircon εHf(t) values of −6.9 to 0.4 and tCHUR(Hf) ages of 4.1−3.5 Ga (mainly 4.1−3.8 Ga) and δ18O of 4.6‰−7.5‰ (CHUR—chondritic uniform reservoir). It is speculated that different amounts of low-K mafic rocks and tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite rocks with prior crustal residence times were the source of the spectrum of trondhjemitic to granitic compositions at Labashan. Two possible models, magma underplating and convergent plate boundary processes, are explored for the tectonic regime forming these Eoarchean granitoids.