城市文明、就业创造和人才集聚:中国 "全国文明城市 "政策的经验证据

IF 5.2 1区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS 中国经济评论 Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI:10.1016/j.chieco.2024.102215
Meng Guo, Danglun Luo, Chen Liu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

中国的快速城市化加剧了城市就业压力。全国文明城市(NCC)政策是中国推动城市高质量发展的重要举措。我们将全国文明城市政策作为一个准自然实验,采用交错差分法实证分析了城市文明发展对充分就业和人力资本水平的影响。实证结果表明,NCC 政策显著促进了城市创业和就业创造,拉动了本地企业的劳动力需求,提升了人力资本水平。在人才密集型领域和中低技能密集型领域,对就业的积极影响都很明显。此外,异质性检验表明,这种积极效应在低线城市和污染严重的城市更为明显。最后,机制分析表明,净雇佣率政策可以通过在城市层面促进投资和在企业层面扩大生产规模来增加就业。非国有资本政策对人力资本水平的影响得到了需求方的技术进步和创新强调机制以及供给方的人才集聚机制的支持。本研究为地方政府利用文明城市成果促进就业提供了政策建议。
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City civilization, employment creation and talent agglomeration: Empirical evidence from “National Civilized City” policy in China

China's rapid urbanization has intensified urban employment pressure. The National Civilized City (NCC) policy is a significant initiative in China aimed at promoting high-quality urban development. We utilize the NCC policy as a quasi-natural experiment and employ the staggered difference-in-difference method to empirically analyze the impact of urban civilization development on full employment and human capital level. The empirical results demonstrate that NCC policy significantly promotes urban entrepreneurship and employment creation, boosts labor demand of local enterprises, and enhances the human capital level. The positive effect on employment is significant in both talent-intensive and low- and medium-skilled intensive fields. In addition, heterogeneity tests show that this positive effect is more pronounced in low-tier cities and previously polluted cities. Finally, the mechanism analysis indicates that the NCC policy can enhance employment creation through investment promotion at the city level and by expanding production scale at the firm level. The NCC policy's impact on human capital level is supported by technological advancement and innovation emphasis mechanisms from the demand side, as well as talent agglomeration mechanism from the supply side. This study provides policy recommendations for local governments to leverage the achievements of civilized cities in promoting employment.

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来源期刊
中国经济评论
中国经济评论 ECONOMICS-
CiteScore
10.60
自引率
4.40%
发文量
380
期刊介绍: The China Economic Review publishes original works of scholarship which add to the knowledge of the economy of China and to economies as a discipline. We seek, in particular, papers dealing with policy, performance and institutional change. Empirical papers normally use a formal model, a data set, and standard statistical techniques. Submissions are subjected to double-blind peer review.
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