源自转座元件的新抗原--癌症免疫疗法的隐藏宝藏。

IF 9.7 1区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI:10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189126
Zhixiang Hu , Xinyi Guo , Ziteng Li , Zhiqiang Meng , Shenglin Huang
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引用次数: 0

摘要

基于新抗原的疗法是一种很有前景的方法,它能选择性地激活宿主的免疫系统,识别并消灭癌细胞。初步临床试验已经验证了个性化新抗原导向疫苗的可行性、安全性和免疫原性,提高了它们在免疫疗法中的有效性和广泛适用性。虽然许多正在进行的肿瘤试验都集中在突变产生的新抗原上,但这些靶点并不能持续激发所有携带突变的患者的免疫反应。此外,像卵巢癌这样肿瘤突变负荷(TMB)较低的肿瘤可能不太适合基于突变的新抗原疗法。下一代测序和生物信息学的最新进展从与转座元件(TE)相关的非典型 RNA 中发现了丰富的新抗原来源。考虑到人类基因组中存在大量的转座元件,而且转座元件衍生的新抗原在各种类型的肿瘤中已被证实具有免疫原性,本综述研究了有关转座元件衍生的新抗原的最新发现,探讨了它们在增强肿瘤免疫疗法方面的临床意义、挑战和独特优势。
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The neoantigens derived from transposable elements – A hidden treasure for cancer immunotherapy

Neoantigen-based therapy is a promising approach that selectively activates the immune system of the host to recognize and eradicate cancer cells. Preliminary clinical trials have validated the feasibility, safety, and immunogenicity of personalized neoantigen-directed vaccines, enhancing their effectiveness and broad applicability in immunotherapy. While many ongoing oncological trials concentrate on neoantigens derived from mutations, these targets do not consistently provoke an immune response in all patients harboring the mutations. Additionally, tumors like ovarian cancer, which have a low tumor mutational burden (TMB), may be less amenable to mutation-based neoantigen therapies. Recent advancements in next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics have uncovered a rich source of neoantigens from non-canonical RNAs associated with transposable elements (TEs). Considering the substantial presence of TEs in the human genome and the proven immunogenicity of TE-derived neoantigens in various tumor types, this review investigates the latest findings on TE-derived neoantigens, examining their clinical implications, challenges, and unique advantages in enhancing tumor immunotherapy.

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来源期刊
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer 医学-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
17.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
138
审稿时长
33 days
期刊介绍: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer encompasses the entirety of cancer biology and biochemistry, emphasizing oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, growth-related cell cycle control signaling, carcinogenesis mechanisms, cell transformation, immunologic control mechanisms, genetics of human (mammalian) cancer, control of cell proliferation, genetic and molecular control of organismic development, rational anti-tumor drug design. It publishes mini-reviews and full reviews.
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