重新定义一项发现查尔斯-贝尔、呼吸神经系统和情感的诞生

IF 1.4 2区 哲学 Q1 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Pub Date : 2024-06-08 DOI:10.1016/j.shpsa.2024.04.003
James Bradley
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引用次数: 0

摘要

查尔斯-贝尔因发现脊神经和面部神经的运动根和感觉根的分离而闻名于世,尽管近年来他的优先权受到了历史学家和科学家的质疑。但是,查尔斯-贝尔确实发现了一些东西,即使没有被赋予科学事实的地位。1821 年至 1823 年间,他揭开了 "呼吸神经系统 "的神秘面纱,这是一个作为 "激情器官 "的独特神经系统。由于贝尔及其盟友试图主张脊神经和面部神经的优先地位,呼吸神经被推到了幕后,从属于运动神经和感觉神经。因此,这篇文章将查尔斯-贝尔的重大发现重新定义为 "呼吸神经",详细描述了它们的解剖学和生理学,以及它们支撑贝尔情感理论的方式。报告还展示了他的美学是如何与他的研究计划交织在一起的。然后,它将呼吸神经与托马斯-迪克森(Thomas Dixon)的断言联系起来,即贝尔是现代情绪心理学范畴的创始人之一,提供了一个更深入、更细致的情绪谱系,包括贝尔对威廉-詹姆斯(William James)的开创性文章《什么是情绪?
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Redefining a discovery: Charles Bell, the respiratory nervous system and the birth of the emotions

Charles Bell was famous for the discovery of the separate motor and sensory roots of the spinal and facial nerves, although in recent years his right to priority has been challenged by historians and scientists. But Charles Bell did discover something even if has not been accorded the status of a scientific fact. Between 1821 and 1823 he unveiled the ‘respiratory nervous system’, a distinct system of nerves that acted as the ‘organ of the passions’, which he then elaborated upon in his 1824 Essays on the Anatomy and Philosophy of Expression. As Bell and his allies attempted to claim priority in the spinal and facial nerves, the respiratory nerves were pushed to the background, subordinated to the motor and sensory nerves. This essay, therefore, redefines Charles Bell's major discovery as the ‘respiratory nerves’, providing a detailed description of their anatomy and physiology and the way in which they underwrote Bell's theory of the emotions. It also demonstrates how his aesthetics were intertwined with his research programme. It then connects the respiratory nerves to Thomas Dixon's assertion that Bell was one of the founders of the modern psychological category of the emotions, providing a deeper and more nuanced genealogy of the emotions, including the impact that Bell had upon William James's seminal article ‘What is an Emotion?’

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来源期刊
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 管理科学-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
2.50
自引率
10.00%
发文量
166
审稿时长
6.6 weeks
期刊介绍: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science is devoted to the integrated study of the history, philosophy and sociology of the sciences. The editors encourage contributions both in the long-established areas of the history of the sciences and the philosophy of the sciences and in the topical areas of historiography of the sciences, the sciences in relation to gender, culture and society and the sciences in relation to arts. The Journal is international in scope and content and publishes papers from a wide range of countries and cultural traditions.
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