First People in the Northern Eurasia: Paleogeography, time and migration routes

The paper aimed at estimating the significance of paleoenvironmental changes in the process of the prehistorical human dispersals over Northern Eurasia, and particularly his penetration to the High Latitudes. As follows from the recent investigations, the northeastern part of Europe appears to be settled earlier than it has been supposed until recently. The traces left by the early man in the European Arctic may be dated to 40 000 to 35 000 years BP (43096 to 40159 cal. BP). The Siberian North was colonized in the Late Pleistocene. The materials recovered from the Yanskaya site (71°N) provide evidence of human survival in the Arctic regions of Eastern Siberia at least ca.28 to 27 ka BP (32780 ± 660 to 31170 ± 520 cal. BP). Valleys in the middle reaches of the Lena and Aldan rivers were populated after 24 000 yr BP (28165 cal. BP). We may identify two main directions in the High Latitude colonization between 40 000 to 12 000 yr BP [43096 to 13907 cal. BP], namely along the basins of the Kama and Pechora rivers in Eastern Europe and by way of the Lena and Yana basins in Northern Asia. West Siberia and the Northeastern Asia were actively populated at the Late Glacial time; the same period was marked by the first human penetration from the Eastern to Western hemisphere (from the Chukchi Peninsula to Alaska) by the ‘Bering Land Bridge’. The northernmost regions of the East Siberia, such as Taymyr Peninsula and the New Siberian Islands (Zhokhov Island), were inhabited in the early and middle Holocene.