Innovative approaches for carbon capture and storage as crucial measures for emission reduction within industrial sectors

Carbon capture and storage represented as CCS, is a technique that can be used to cut down on emissions of CO₂ from industrial sources. These mechanisms can balance the excess fossil fuel usage and lead to effective carbon capture from the atmosphere and storing it in safe spaces. This can negate global warming and send the carbon back to geological spaces inside the earth. This review covers the operational mechanism of such technologies from its inception to the material innovation along with the transport of CO₂ and its storage options. Breakthroughs in recent years have made it possible to design effective carbon capture and safe spaces for its storage. A comprehensive worldwide case studies are presented for both successful CCS project implementation and their environmental impact assessment. Lessons learned from these case examples are reflected through the challenges and policy hurdles with its impact on the global economy. An outlook is provided for the role of CCS in net zero emissions, renewables integration and advancing CCS research. By leveraging innovation across capture, utilization, and storage stages, CCS holds immense potential to play a transformative role in combating climate change and achieving global sustainability goals.