Dongchang Yang, Brian Youden, Andrew Carrier, Naizhen Yu, Ken Oakes, Mark Servos, Xu Zhang
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Nanomaterials for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-based metal detection: a review
Toxic metals and metalloids pollution is a major ecological and human health issue, yet classical detection methods are limited. Here we review surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-based sensors using nanomaterial-based substrates for metal detection, with emphasis on substrate composition, functionalization, and assembly; metal sensing strategies; and analytical performance. Substrates include nobel metals, semiconductors, and composites. Substrate assembly can be done in solution or on solid supports. Sensing strategies comprise direct sensing, reporter recognition, reporter migration, substrate aggregation, and substrate modification. In general, the physicochemical properties of the substrates determine sensor sensitivity through electromagnetic and chemical enhancements of Raman scattering, whereas substrate surface functionalization, or lack thereof, determines sensor selectivity and the sensing mechanism. The main elements analyzed are mercury, lead, copper, arsenic, and chromium.
期刊介绍：
Environmental Chemistry Letters explores the intersections of geology, chemistry, physics, and biology. Published articles are of paramount importance to the examination of both natural and engineered environments. The journal features original and review articles of exceptional significance, encompassing topics such as the characterization of natural and impacted environments, the behavior, prevention, treatment, and control of mineral, organic, and radioactive pollutants. It also delves into interfacial studies involving diverse media like soil, sediment, water, air, organisms, and food. Additionally, the journal covers green chemistry, environmentally friendly synthetic pathways, alternative fuels, ecotoxicology, risk assessment, environmental processes and modeling, environmental technologies, remediation and control, and environmental analytical chemistry using biomolecular tools and tracers.
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