{"title":"恢复胺共轭 2-丙酸-3-甲基马来酸酐连接体的 pH 反应性","authors":"Alina G. Heck and Lutz Nuhn","doi":"10.1039/D4QO01077A","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p >The controlled pH-reversible conjugation of amine-functionalized molecules to nano-sized carrier systems is a promising achievement to enhance the efficacy of small molecular drugs at the target site. Various pH-responsive structures, such as ketals or hydrazones are accessible for drug delivery but suffer from high pH-gradients and elaborative modifications. The latter often further affects the specific activity of the released drugs. In this study, we establish the synthesis of a highly pH-sensitive bifunctional linker based on 2-propionic-3-methylmaleic anhydride. The underlying chemical structure enables the pH-reversible conjugation of different amines, although the attachment of primary amines competes with the formation of a pH-resistant imide structure. Remarkably, by analysis of the pH-reversible amidation profile in different solvents, the ring-opened amide structures are generated with primary aliphatic amines in diethyl ether. The formed conjugates rapidly phase separate from the reaction mixture and preserve the pH sensitivity of the linker system. Based on these findings, this manufacturing process is highly relevant in providing amine-conjugated 2-propionic-3-methylmaleic anhydride linkers and restoring their pH-responsiveness, particularly for primary amine-bearing drugs. This can pave their way for future applications, for instance, in nanomedicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":97,"journal":{"name":"Organic Chemistry Frontiers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Restoring the pH-responsiveness for amine-conjugated 2-propionic-3-methylmaleic anhydride linkers†‡\",\"authors\":\"Alina G. Heck and Lutz Nuhn\",\"doi\":\"10.1039/D4QO01077A\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p >The controlled pH-reversible conjugation of amine-functionalized molecules to nano-sized carrier systems is a promising achievement to enhance the efficacy of small molecular drugs at the target site. Various pH-responsive structures, such as ketals or hydrazones are accessible for drug delivery but suffer from high pH-gradients and elaborative modifications. The latter often further affects the specific activity of the released drugs. In this study, we establish the synthesis of a highly pH-sensitive bifunctional linker based on 2-propionic-3-methylmaleic anhydride. The underlying chemical structure enables the pH-reversible conjugation of different amines, although the attachment of primary amines competes with the formation of a pH-resistant imide structure. Remarkably, by analysis of the pH-reversible amidation profile in different solvents, the ring-opened amide structures are generated with primary aliphatic amines in diethyl ether. The formed conjugates rapidly phase separate from the reaction mixture and preserve the pH sensitivity of the linker system. Based on these findings, this manufacturing process is highly relevant in providing amine-conjugated 2-propionic-3-methylmaleic anhydride linkers and restoring their pH-responsiveness, particularly for primary amine-bearing drugs. This can pave their way for future applications, for instance, in nanomedicine.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":97,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Organic Chemistry Frontiers\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-06-18\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Organic Chemistry Frontiers\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"92\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2024/qo/d4qo01077a\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"化学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Organic Chemistry Frontiers","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2024/qo/d4qo01077a","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, ORGANIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
Restoring the pH-responsiveness for amine-conjugated 2-propionic-3-methylmaleic anhydride linkers†‡
The controlled pH-reversible conjugation of amine-functionalized molecules to nano-sized carrier systems is a promising achievement to enhance the efficacy of small molecular drugs at the target site. Various pH-responsive structures, such as ketals or hydrazones are accessible for drug delivery but suffer from high pH-gradients and elaborative modifications. The latter often further affects the specific activity of the released drugs. In this study, we establish the synthesis of a highly pH-sensitive bifunctional linker based on 2-propionic-3-methylmaleic anhydride. The underlying chemical structure enables the pH-reversible conjugation of different amines, although the attachment of primary amines competes with the formation of a pH-resistant imide structure. Remarkably, by analysis of the pH-reversible amidation profile in different solvents, the ring-opened amide structures are generated with primary aliphatic amines in diethyl ether. The formed conjugates rapidly phase separate from the reaction mixture and preserve the pH sensitivity of the linker system. Based on these findings, this manufacturing process is highly relevant in providing amine-conjugated 2-propionic-3-methylmaleic anhydride linkers and restoring their pH-responsiveness, particularly for primary amine-bearing drugs. This can pave their way for future applications, for instance, in nanomedicine.
期刊介绍:
Organic Chemistry Frontiers is an esteemed journal that publishes high-quality research across the field of organic chemistry. It places a significant emphasis on studies that contribute substantially to the field by introducing new or significantly improved protocols and methodologies. The journal covers a wide array of topics which include, but are not limited to, organic synthesis, the development of synthetic methodologies, catalysis, natural products, functional organic materials, supramolecular and macromolecular chemistry, as well as physical and computational organic chemistry.