N-Acetyl cysteine-loaded liposomes to reduce iron overload-induced toxicity in human kidney cells
BACKGROUND
Iron overload in the body generates free radicals through the Fenton reaction, leading to adverse effects on various organs. Several antioxidants have been recommended to treat iron-related diseases effectively. N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC), a potent antioxidant, was investigated in this study for its potential to mitigate iron overload-induced cell death. A liposomal formulation was developed to encapsulate NAC, employing the reverse phase evaporation method, to enhance its delivery and effectiveness. The liposomal NAC was characterized by evaluating its size, zeta potential, morphology and release profiles.
RESULTS
The protective effect of liposomal NAC against iron overload-induced toxicity was assessed in human kidney 2 (HK-2) cells. Cell viability assays (Cell Counting Kit 8) and reactive oxygen species assays (DCFDA assay) confirmed the effectiveness of liposomal NAC in inhibiting ferroptosis induced by slow iron uptake (1 mmol L−1 ferric ammonium citrate). Additionally, liposomal NAC protected cells from toxicity resulting from rapid iron uptake (50 μmol L−1 ferric ammonium citrate, 20 μmol L−1 8-hydroxyquinoline). The liposomal formulation demonstrated an enhanced protective effect compared to free NAC.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology(JCTB) is an international, inter-disciplinary peer-reviewed journal concerned with the application of scientific discoveries and advancements in chemical and biological technology that aim towards economically and environmentally sustainable industrial processes.