火山引发的海啸(TGV)来源机制、建模、监测和预警系统综述

IF 1.9 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS pure and applied geophysics Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI:10.1007/s00024-024-03515-y
François Schindelé, Laura Kong, Emily M. Lane, Raphaël Paris, Maurizio Ripepe, Vasily Titov, Rick Bailey
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引用次数: 0

摘要

自 2018 年 12 月喀拉喀托火山(Anak Krakatau)中度喷发时侧面坍塌引发海啸,以及 2022 年 1 月汤加群岛洪加火山(Hunga volcano)爆炸性喷发引发全球海啸以来,火山爆发引发的海啸日益突出。这两起事件都造成了人员伤亡,凸显了海啸预警系统在探测和预警火山机制引发的海啸方面的不足。在 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai 火山喷发和海啸之后,教科文组织政府间海洋学委员会成立了一个火山引发海啸问题特设工作组。火山海啸与地震海啸的不同之处在于,可以产生海啸波的来源机制多种多样,这使得了解、模拟和监测火山海啸要比地震海啸困难得多。本文综述了火山海啸背后的机制,以及可用于海啸危害评估和预报模拟其影响的各种建模技术。论文举例说明了对斯特龙博利岛进行的火山海啸风险评估,概述了火山监测对海啸危害预警的要求,并举例说明了意大利、夏威夷岛(美国)、汤加和印度尼西亚的火山海啸预警系统。文件最后强调,有可能引发海啸的海底火山或近岸火山所在地需要实施火山海啸监测和预警系统。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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A Review of Tsunamis Generated by Volcanoes (TGV) Source Mechanism, Modelling, Monitoring and Warning Systems

Tsunamis generated by volcanic eruptions have risen to prominence since the December 2018 tsunami generated by the flank collapse of Anak Krakatau during a moderate eruption and then the global tsunami generated by the explosive eruption of the Hunga volcano in the Tongan Archipelago in January 2022. Both events cause fatalities and highlight the lack in tsunami warning systems to detect and warn for tsunamis induced by volcanic mechanisms. Following the Hunga Tonga—Hunga Ha’apai eruption and tsunami, an ad hoc working group on Tsunamis Generated by Volcanoes was formed by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO. Volcanic tsunamis differ from seismic tsunamis in that there are a wide range of source mechanisms that can generate the tsunamis waves and this makes understanding, modelling and monitoring volcanic tsunamis much more difficult than seismic tsunamis. This paper provides a review of both the mechanisms behind volcanic tsunamis and the variety of modelling techniques that can be used to simulate their effects for tsunami hazard assessment and forecasting. It gives an example of a volcanic tsunami risk assessment undertaken for Stromboli, outlines the requirement of volcanic monitoring to warn for tsunami hazard and provides examples of volcanic tsunami warning systems in Italy, the Hawaiian Island (USA), Tonga and Indonesia. The paper finishes by highlighting the need for implementing monitoring and warning systems for volcanic tsunamis for locations with submarine volcanoes or near-shore volcanoes which could potentially generate tsunamis.

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来源期刊
pure and applied geophysics
pure and applied geophysics 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
5.00%
发文量
240
审稿时长
9.8 months
期刊介绍: pure and applied geophysics (pageoph), a continuation of the journal "Geofisica pura e applicata", publishes original scientific contributions in the fields of solid Earth, atmospheric and oceanic sciences. Regular and special issues feature thought-provoking reports on active areas of current research and state-of-the-art surveys. Long running journal, founded in 1939 as Geofisica pura e applicata Publishes peer-reviewed original scientific contributions and state-of-the-art surveys in solid earth and atmospheric sciences Features thought-provoking reports on active areas of current research and is a major source for publications on tsunami research Coverage extends to research topics in oceanic sciences See Instructions for Authors on the right hand side.
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